Competition for Aphid Prey between Different Lady Beetle Species in a Laboratory Arena

Table 1

Mean (± SE) aphid consumption (number of aphids), prey discovery time (minutes), and aggression delivered (number of occurrences) by seven lady beetle species during laboratory trials. The data were pooled for all trials conducted with a given species (see text for details). Means in each column followed by the same letter are not significantly different from each other (Tukey’s HSD tests, 𝑃<0.05). Nonnative species are printed in bold font.

	Aphid consumption			Aggression delivered	Prey discovery time
	Alone	Same species	Other species	Other species	Same species	Other species
C. trifasciata	1.30±0.34b	1.55±0.21ab	1.78±0.17ab	0.22±0.05b	15.95±3.11ab	16.47±2.02b
C. maculata	1.60±0.37ab	1.55±0.20ab	1.42±0.16bcd	0.23±0.06b	20.30±2.75a	17.80±2.01b
H. convergens	1.20±0.29b	1.35±0.20ab	1.30±0.14bcd	0.20±0.05b	18.40±3.07a	19.18±2.18b
C. septempunctata	1.70±0.42ab	1.50±0.28ab	1.48±0.17abc	0.13±0.04b	18.70±3.75a	20.80±2.33ab
H. axyridis	2.70±0.30a	1.95±0.23a	2.10±0.17a	0.57±0.06a	6.35±1.47b	13.23±1.99b
H. variegata	0.70±0.26b	0.75±0.12ab	0.84±0.12d	0.13±0.04b	24.90±3.33a	28.13±2.13a
P. quatuordecimpunctata	1.10±0.23b	1.03±0.13b	0.94±0.11cd	0.33±0.06b	17.85±3.39a	20±2.18ab
N	10	20	60	60	20	60
P	0.0146	0.0122	<0.0001	<0.0001	0.0002	<0.0001
F	2.90	2.85	5.99	6.27	4.76	5.56
DF	6, 63	6, 133	6, 413	6, 413	6, 133	4, 413