Review Article
Current Understanding and Future Prospects of Host Selection, Acceptance, Discrimination, and Regulation of Phorid Fly Parasitoids That Attack Ants
Table 2
Host acceptance cues used by phorid flies to choose ant hosts.
| Cue modality | Phorid species | Ant species | Cue | Source | Ant use | Ref. |
| Visual | Pseudacteon spp. | Solenopsis saevissima complex | Movement | — | — | [16, 19] | Pseudacteon spp. | Azteca instabilis | Movement | — | — | [17] | Neodohrniphora elongata | Atta sexdens | Movement | — | — | [18] | Apocephalus paraponerae | Paraponera clavata | No movement | — | — | [5] | Pseudacteon nuicornis | Solenopsis saevissima complex | Small-sized workers | — | — | [16] | Pseudacteon obtusus | Solenopsis saevissima complex | Small-sized workers | — | — | [16] | Pseudacteon curvatus | Solenopsis saevissima complex | Small-sized workers | — | — | [16] | Pseudacteon tricuspis | Solenopsis saevissima complex | Medium-sized workers | — | — | [16] | Pseudacteon wasmanni | Solenopsis saevissima complex | Medium-sized workers | — | — | [16] | Pseudacteon borgmeieri | Solenopsis saevissima complex | Medium- to Larger-sized workers | — | — | [16] | Pseudacteon solenopsidis | Solenopsis saevissima complex | Medium- to Larger-sized workers | — | — | [16] | Pseudacteon litoralis | Solenopsis saevissima complex | Larger-sized workers | — | — | [16] | Neodohrniphora elongata | Atta sexdens | Minimum head width of 1.6 mm | — | — | [53] | Apocephalus paraponerae | Paraponera clavata | Large workers | — | — | [5] |
| Chemical | Apocephalus paraponerae | Paraponera clavata | Cuticular hydrocarbons | — | Nest mate recognition | [5] | Pseudacteon spp. | Azteca instabilis | Cuticular hydrocarbons | — | Nest mate recognition | [54] | Pseudacteon tricuspis | Solenopsis invicta | Piperidine alkaloids | Venom glands | Defense pheromone | [26] |
|
|