Contribution of Cytogenetics to the Debate on the Paraphyly of Pachycondyla spp. (Hymenoptera, Formicidae, Ponerinae)

Figure 1

Karyograph adapted from Imai et al. [21] for ants. Since the genome is approximately constant for the whole Formicidae family, a proportional smaller chromosome size corresponds to the increase in the chromosome number. 2KA border: upper limit to the number of acrocentric chromosomes in diploid cells; 2KM border: lower limit to the number of metacentric chromosomes in diploid cells. C Fis: centric fission, C Fus: centric fusion, P Fis: pericentric fission, P Fus: pericentric fusion, AM inv: acrocentric-metacentric inversion, MA inv: metacentric-acrocentric inversion.