Psyche: A Journal of Entomology

Review Article

Ant-Associated Beetle Fauna in Bulgaria: A Review and New Data

Table 1

List of ant-associated beetles and their hosts (where data is available) according to the studied literature and new records. Facultative or undefined ant relations are not indicated.
Beetle families, genera, and speciesRecorded ant hosts in BulgariaReferencesAnt-relationEndemic beetles
Carabidae    
 Paussus turcicus I. Frivaldszky von Frivald, 1835 [19–21]Myrmecophile 
 Pheidole pallidula (Nylander, 1849)[22]  
Histeridae    
 Acritus nigricornis (Hoffmann, 1803)Formica rufa Linnaeus, 1761[23]  
 Dendrophilus pygmaeus (Linnaeus, 1758)Formica exsecta Nylander, 1846[23, 24]Myrmecophile 
 Formica lugubris Zetterstedt, 1838[23]  
 Formica rufa Linnaeus, 1761[23]  
 Haeterius ferrugineus (Olivier, 1789)Formica fusca Linnaeus, 1758[23]Myrmecophile 
 Formica cinerea Mayr, 1853[25]  
 Lasius niger (Linnaeus, 1758)New ant host record for Bulgaria  
 Sternocoelis merklii (Schmidt, 1885)Messor structor (Latreille, 1798)[26]MyrmecophileBalkans
 Satrapes sartorii (L. Redtenbacher, 1857)Tetramorium cf. caespitum (Linnaeus, 1758)New species for BulgariaMyrmecophile 
 Margarinotus ruficornis (Grimm, 1852) [27, 28]  
 Onthophilus affinis L. Redtenbacher, 1849Formica fusca Linnaeus, 1758[23]  
 Myrmica sp.[23]  
Ptiliidae    
 Ptenidium pusillum (Gyllenhal, 1808) [29]  
 Ptiliolum oedipus (Flach, 1886)Formica pratensis Retzius, 1783New ant host record for Bulgaria  
 Ptilium myrmecophilum (Allibert, 1844)Formica pratensis Retzius, 1783New species for BulgariaMyrmecophile 
 Formica rufa Linnaeus, 1761   
 Pteryx suturalis (Heer, 1841)Formica rufa Linnaeus, 1761New ant host record for Bulgaria  
 Acrotrichis atomaria (De Geer, 1774)Formica pratensis Retzius, 1783New species for Bulgaria  
Leiodidae    
 Cholevinae    
  Anemadus strigosus strigosus Kraatz, 1852 [30, 31]  
  Eocatops pelopis (Reitter, 1884) [30, 32]Myrmecophile 
 Messor sp.[33]  
  Eocatops skopjensis Karaman, 1957 [34]MyrmecophileBalkans
  Nemadus colonoides (Kraatz, 1851) [30, 31]Myrmecophile 
  Dreposcia umbrina Erichson, 1837 [31, 34]  
  Attaephilus arenarius (Hampe, 1852) [30, 33]Myrmecophile 
 Messor structor (Latreille, 1798)[25], New record  
  Attaephilus cf. funebris (Reitter, 1888)Messor sp. [25] Balkans
  Attaephilus rambouseki Jeannel, 1936 [32, 33] Bulgaria
  Catopsimorphus marani Roubal, 1936Messor sp.[33]MyrmecophileBulgaria
Staphylinidae    
 Pselaphinae    
  Batrisodes buqueti (Aubé, 1833) [25]Myrmecophile 
 Lasius brunneus (Latreille, 1798)[35]  
  Batrisodes delaporti (Aubé, 1833) [36]Myrmecophile 
 Lasius brunneus (Latreille, 1798)[37]  
 Lasius alienus (Förster, 1850)[25]  
  Batrisodes hubenthali Reitter, 1913 [25, 38]Myrmecophile 
  Batrisodes oculatus (Aubé, 1833) [39]Myrmecophile 
  Batrisodes sulcaticeps Besuchet, 1981 [25, 40]Myrmecophile 
  Batrisodes venustus (Reichenbach, 1816) [25, 36, 38]Myrmecophile 
  Batrisus formicarius Aubé, 1833Lasius brunneus (Latreille, 1798)[35, 37, 41]Myrmecophile 
 Lasius alienus (Förster, 1850)[25]  
  Claviger elysius Reitter, 1884 [25]MyrmecophileBalkans
  Claviger emgei Reitter, 1885Lasius alienus (Förster, 1850)[25]MyrmecophileBalkans
  Claviger handmanni Wasmann, 1898Lasius flavus (Fabricius, 1782)[37]MyrmecophileBalkans
 Lasius alienus (Förster, 1850)[25]  
  Claviger longicornis P.W.J. Müller, 1818 [42]Myrmecophile 
 Lasius alienus (Förster, 1850)[37]  
 Lasius niger (Linnaeus, 1758)[37]  
 Lasius brunneus (Latreille, 1798)[37]  
  Claviger merkli Reitter, 1885 [35, 43]MyrmecophileBalkans
 Lasius niger (Linnaeus, 1758)[25]  
 Lasius alienus (Förster, 1850)[25]  
  Claviger testaceus Preyssler, 1790 [25, 40]Myrmecophile 
 Lasius flavus (Fabricius, 1782)[35, 44]  
  Euplectus frater Besuchet, 1964Formica rufa Linnaeus, 1761[37]  
  Euplectus nanus (Reichenbach, 1816) [39]  
 Formica rufa Linnaeus, 1761[37]  
  Euplectus signatus (Reichenbach, 1816) [39]  
 Formica pratensis Retzius, 1783[37]  
 Formica sp.[45]  
  Trichonyx sulcicollis (Reichenbach, 1816) [36]  
 Lasius alienus (Förster, 1850)[25]  
  Trimium carpathicum Saulcy, 1875Formica rufa Linnaeus, 1761[35]  
  Trimium puncticeps Reitter, 1880Formica pratensis Retzius, 1783[37]  
  Bryaxis romaniae Raffray, 1904Formica rufa Linnaeus, 1761[37] Balkans
  Centrotoma brucki Saulcy, 1874 [25]MyrmecophileBalkans
  Centrotoma lucifuga C. Heyden, 1849Tetramorium caespitum (Linnaeus, 1758)[37]Myrmecophile 
  Chennium bituberculatum Latreille, 1807Tetramorium caespitum (Linnaeus, 1758)[37]Myrmecophile 
  Chennium steigerwaldi Reitter, 1882Tetramorium cf. caespitum (Linnaeus, 1758)[25]Myrmecophile 
 Tetramorium ferox Ruzsky, 1903[25] 
 Tachyporinae    
  Ischnosoma splendidum (Gravenhorst, 1806)Lasius brunneus (Latreille, 1798)[46]  
  Tachinus rufipes (Linnaeus, 1758)Formica rufa Linnaeus, 1761[46]  
  Tachyporus hypnorum (Fabricius, 1775)Formica pratensis Retzius, 1783[46]  
  Tachyporus nitidulus (Fabricius, 1781)Lasius fuliginosus (Latreille, 1798)[46]  
 Aleocharinae    
  Piochardia reitteri (Wasmann, 1894)Cataglyphis nodus (Brullé, 1833)[46]Myrmecophile 
  Lyprocorrhe anceps (Erichson, 1837)Formica pratensis Retzius, 1783[46, 47]Myrmecophile 
  Notothecta flavipes (Gravenhorst, 1806)Formica pratensis Retzius, 1783[46, 47]Myrmecophile 
 Formica rufa Linnaeus, 1761[46]  
  Euryusa sinuata Erichson, 1837Lasius brunneus (Latreille, 1798)[46]Myrmecophile 
  Anaulacaspis nigra (Gravenhorst, 1802)Formica pratensis Retzius, 1783[46]  
  Oligota pumilio Kiesenwetter, 1858Formica pratensis Retzius, 1783[46]  
  Oligota inflata (Mannerheim, 1830)Formica pratensis Retzius, 1783[46]  
  Lomechusa emarginata (Paykull, 1789) [48]Myrmecophile 
 Formica sp. [25]  
 Myrmica rugulosa Nylander, 1849[46]  
 Formica cinerea Mayr, 1853[46]  
  Drusilla canaliculata (Fabricius, 1787)Tetramorium caespitum (Linnaeus, 1758)[46]  
  Myrmoecia plicata (Erichson, 1837) [49]Myrmecophile 
  Pella funesta (Gravenhorst, 1806) [39]Myrmecophile 
  Pella hampei (Kraatz, 1862) [50]Myrmecophile 
  Pella humeralis (Gravenhorst, 1802) [51, 52]Myrmecophile 
 Formica pratensis Retzius, 1783[47]  
  Pella laticollis (Märkel, 1844) [39]Myrmecophile 
  Pella limbata (Paykull, 1789) [48]Myrmecophile 
  Pella lugens (Gravenhorst, 1802) [53]Myrmecophile 
  Pella ruficollis (Grim, 1845) [50]Myrmecophile 
  Zyras collaris (Paykull, 1789) [45]  
  Zyras fulgidus (Gravenhorst, 1806) [54]  
  Zyras haworthi (Stephens, 1832) [48]Myrmecophile 
  Dinarda hagensii Wasmann, 1889Formica exsecta Nylander, 1846[24, 46]Myrmecophile 
  Dinarda maerkelii Kiesenwetter, 1843Formica pratensis Retzius, 1783[46, 47]Myrmecophile 
  Dinarda sp.Formica sanguinea Latreille, 1798[25]Myrmecophile 
  Haploglossa gentilis (Märkel, 1845)Lasius fuliginosus (Latreille, 1798)[55]  
  Haploglossa pulla (Gyllenhal, 1827) [51]  
  Oxypoda formiceticola Märkel, 1841Formica rufa Linnaeus, 1761[46]Myrmecophile 
 Formica lugubris Zetterstedt, 1838[46]  
  Oxypoda haemorrhoa (Mannerheim, 1830)Formica exsecta Nylander, 1846[24]Myrmecophile 
 Formica pratensis Retzius, 1783[46, 47]  
  Oxypoda pratensicola Lohse, 1970Formica pratensis Retzius, 1783[46, 47]Myrmecophile 
  Oxypoda rugicollis Kraatz, 1856Formica exsecta Nylander, 1846[24, 46]Myrmecophile 
 Formica pressilabris Nylander, 1846[46]  
  Oxypoda vittata Märkel, 1842 [54, 56]Myrmecophile
  Thiasophila angulata (Erichson, 1837)Formica rufa Linnaeus, 1761[46]Myrmecophile 
  Thiasophila canaliculata Mulsant and Rey, 1875Formica exsecta Nylander, 1846[24, 46]Myrmecophile 
  Thiasophila lohsei Zerche, 1987Formica pratensis Retzius, 1783[46, 47]Myrmecophile 
 Scydmaeninae    
  Euconnus chrysocomus (Saulcy, 1864)Tetramorium cf. ferox Ruzsky, 1903[25]Myrmecophile 
  Euthiconus conicicollis (Fairmaire and Laboulbene, 1854) [57]  
  Microscydmus nanus (Schaum, 1844) [39, 58]  
  Neuraphes parvulus Rambousek, 1909Lasius fuliginosus (Latreille, 1798)[39]  
  Scydmoraphes minutus (Chaudoir, 1845) [58]  
  Scydmaenus perrisi Reitter, 1881 [39, 59]  
 Steninae    
  Stenus aterrimus Erichson, 1839Formica pratensis Retzius, 1783[46, 47]Myrmecophile 
  Stenus heydeni L. Benick, 1915Formica rufa Linnaeus, 1761[46] Balkans
 Paederinae    
  Lithocharis nigriceps Kraatz, 1859Formica pratensis Retzius, 1783[47]  
  Astenus gracilis (Paykull, 1789) Formica pratensis Retzius, 1783[46]  
  Sunius melanocephalus (Fabricius, 1793)Formica rufa Linnaeus, 1761[46]  
  Scopaeus pusillus Kiesenwetter, 1843Formica pratensis Retzius, 1783[46]  
 Formica rufa Linnaeus, 1761 [46]  
  Scopaeus sulcicollis (Stephens, 1833)Formica pratensis Retzius, 1783[46]  
 Staphylininae    
  Leptacinus formicetorum Märkel, 1841Formica pratensis Retzius, 1783[47]Myrmecophile 
 Formica rufa Linnaeus, 1761[46]  
 Formica exsecta Nylander, 1846[46]  
  Gyrohypnus angustatus Stephens, 1833Formica pratensis Retzius, 1783[46]  
 Formica rufa Linnaeus, 1761[46]  
  Xantholinus linearis (Olivier, 1795)Formica pratensis Retzius, 1783[46]  
  Gabrius splendidulus (Gravenhorst, 1802)Lasius brunneus (Latreille, 1798)[46]  
  Quedius brevis Erichson, 1840Formica rufa Linnaeus, 1761[46]Myrmecophile 
Monotomidae    
 Rhizophagus bipustulatus (Fabricius, 1792)Lasius niger (Linnaeus, 1758)New ant host record for Bulgaria  
 Monotoma conicollis Aubé, 1837 [29]Myrmecophile 
 Formica pratensis Retzius, 1783New ant host record for Bulgaria  
Cryptophagidae    
 Hypocoprus latridioides Motschulsky, 1839 [54]Myrmecophile 
 Formica exsecta Nylander, 1846[24]  
 Formica rufa Linnaeus, 1761New ant host record for Bulgaria  
 Formica lugubris Zetterstedt, 1838New ant host record for Bulgaria  
Nitidulidae    
 Amphotis marginata (Fabricius, 1781)Lasius fuliginosus (Latreille, 1798)[29, 60, 61]Myrmecophile 
 Amphotis orientalis Reiche, 1861 [34, 62]Myrmecophile 
Cerylonidae    
 Cerylon histeroides (Fabricius, 1792)Lasius brunneus (Latreille, 1798)New ant host record for Bulgaria 
Endomychidae    
 Pleganophorus bispinosus Hampe, 1855Lasius brunneus (Latreille, 1798)[63–66]Myrmecophile 
 Cholovocera major Reitter, 1887Messor structor (Latreille, 1798)[67]MyrmecophileBalkan-Anatolian
 Merophysia oblonga Kiesenwetter, 1872 [68]Myrmecophile 
 Tetramorium cf. caespitum (Linnaeus, 1758)[67]  
 Mycetaea subterranea Fabricius, 1801Formica rufa Linnaeus, 1761[67]  
Latridiidae    
 Dienerella costulata (Reitter, 1877)Formica pratensis Retzius, 1783[67]  
 Formica rufa Linnaeus, 1761[67]  
 Dienerella vincenti Johnson, 2007Formica pratensis Retzius, 1783[67]  
 Formica exsecta Nylander, 1846[67]  
 Corticaria longicollis (Zetterstedt, 1838)Formica pratensis Retzius, 1783[67]Myrmecophile 
 Formica rufa Linnaeus, 1761[67]  
 Formica exsecta Nylander, 1846[67]  
 Tetramorium cf. caespitum (Linnaeus, 1758)[67]  
Tenebrionidae    
 Dichillus carinatus (Küster, 1848) [34, 69]MyrmecophileBalkan-Anatolian
 Pheidole pallidula (Nylander, 1849)New ant host record for Bulgaria  
 Eutagenia smyrnensis (Solier, 1838) [69]MyrmecophileBalkan-Anatolian
 Palorus depressus (Fabricius, 1790)Formica rufa Linnaeus, 1761New ant host record for Bulgaria  
 Myrmechixenus subterraneus Chevrolat, 1835Formica pratensis Retzius, 1783New species for BulgariaMyrmecophile 
 Formica rufa Linnaeus, 1761   
 Formica pressilabris Nylander, 1846   
 Formica cinerea Mayr, 1853   
Chrysomelidae    
 Clytra laeviuscula Ratzeburg, 1837 [70, 71]Myrmecophile 
 Formica sanguinea Latreille, 1798New ant host record for Bulgaria  
 Clytra quadripunctata (Linnaeus, 1758) [70, 71]Myrmecophile 
 Formica rufa Linnaeus, 1761New ant host record for Bulgaria  
 Formica pratensis Retzius, 1783New ant host record for Bulgaria  
Brentidae    
 Amorphocephala coronata (Germar, 1817) [29, 34, 72–75]Myrmecophile 
 Camponotus aethiops Latreille, 1798New ant host record for Bulgaria