Psyche: A Journal of Entomology

Review Article

Review and Phylogenetic Evaluation of Associations between Microdontinae (Diptera: Syrphidae) and Ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)

Table 1

List of all known records of immature stages of Microdontinae found in association with ants. The records are first sorted by ant subfamily, then alphabetically by ant genus and species. Observation: 1: larva(e) or pupa(e) found in nest; 2: freshly emerged specimens found near nest; 3: adult female(s) observed ovipositing near nest entrance; 4: adult specimens observed near nest.
Ant taxonMicrodontine taxonCountry/regionSourceObservation
Ponerinae    
 Pachycondyla SmithHypselosyrphus spec.Mexico G. Pérez-Lachaud and J.-P. Lachaud, pers. comm.1
Dolichoderinae    
 Azteca trigona EmeryMicrodontinae spec.British Guiana[32]1
 Azteca spec.Ceratophya spec.Costa Rica Leg. M. Zumbado, G.E. Rotheray and G. Hancock, collection: RSME1
 Dolichoderus diversus EmeryMicrodontinae spec.Panama[32]1
 Forelius pruinosus (Roger)Microdon (Dimeraspis) fuscipennis (Macquart)USA[7]1
 Iridomyrmex chasei ForelOligeriops dimorphon (Ferguson)Australia[33]1
 Iridomyrmex rufoniger (Lowne)Oligeriops iridomyrmex (Shannon)Australia[34]1
 Linepithema humile (Mayr)Mixogaster lanei Carrera and LenkoArgentina[35]1
 Linepithema oblongum (Santschi)Microdontinae spec.Argentina[36]1
 Tapinoma sessile (Say)Microdon (Dimeraspis) globosus (Fabricius)USA[37, 38]1
 Technomyrmex albipes (Smith)Bardistopus papuanum MannSolomon Islands[39]1
 Technomyrmex fulvus (Wheeler)Microdontinae spec.Panama[40]1
Pseudomyrmecinae    
 Pseudomyrmex ejectus (Smith)Rhopalosyrphus ramulorum Weems and DeyrupUSA[41]1
 Pseudomyrmex gracilis (Fabricius)Microdontinae spec.Mexico[42]1
 Pseudomyrmex simplex (Smith)Rhopalosyrphus ramulorum Weems and DeyrupUSA[41]1
 Tetraponera penzigi (Mayr)Microdontinae spec.East Africa[9]1
Formicinae    
 Brachymyrmex coactus MayrMicrodontinae spec.Brazil[43]1
 Camponotus atriceps (Smith)Microdon (Chymophila) fulgens WiedemannUSA[38] 
 Camponotus herculeanus (Linnaeus)Microdon (s.s.) piperi KnabUSA[8, 38, 44]1
 Camponotus hildebrandti ForelMicrodontinae spec.Madagascar[25]1
 Camponotus laevigatus (Smith)Microdon (s.s.) piperi KnabUSA[44]1
 Camponotus modoc WheelerMicrodon (s.s.) albicomatus NovakUSA[44]1
 Camponotus modoc WheelerMicrodon (s.s.) piperi KnabUSA[44, 45]1
 Camponotus mus RogerMasarygus planifrons BrethesArgentina[46]3
 Camponotus nitidior (Santschi)Microdontinae spec.Costa Rica[47] 
 Camponotus novaeboracensis (Fitch)Microdon (s.s.) cothurnatus BigotUSA[38]1
 Camponotus novaeboracensis (Fitch)Microdon (s.s.) tristis LoewUSA[38]1
 Camponotus novogranadensis MayrMicrodontinae spec.Panama[32] 
 Camponotus obscuripes MayrMicrodon (s.s.) macrocerus Hironaga and MaruyamaJapan[48]2
 Camponotus pennsylvanicus (DeGeer)Microdon (s.s.) cothurnatus BigotUSA[38]1
 Camponotus pennsylvanicus (DeGeer)Microdon (s.s.) tristis LoewUSA[37]1
 Camponotus sp. cf. textor ForelMicrodontinae spec.Mexico[49] 
 Camponotus vicinus MayrMicrodon (s.s.) piperi KnabUSA[44, 50]1
 Camponotus ?vicinus MayrMicrodon (s.s.) cothurnatus BigotUSA[50]1
 Camponotus spec.Microdon (s.s.) piperi KnabUSA[38]1
 Formica accreta FrancoeurMicrodon (s.s.) albicomatus NovakUSA[44]1
 Formica accreta FrancoeurMicrodon (s.s.) cothurnatus BigotUSA[44]1
 Formica accreta FrancoeurMicrodon (s.s.) piperi KnabUSA[44]1
 Formica adamsi whymperi WheelerMicrodon (s.s.) cothurnatus BigotUSA[44]1
 Formica adamsi whymperi WheelerMicrodon (s.s.) piperi KnabUSA[44]1
 Formica argentea WheelerMicrodon (s.s.) lanceolatus AdamsUSA[51]1
 Formica aserva ForelMicrodon (s.s.) cf. tristis LoewUSA[4]1
 Formica aserva ForelMicrodon (s.s.) albicomatus NovakUSA[44]1
 Formica aserva ForelMicrodon (s.s.) cothurnatus BigotUSA[8, 38, 44]1
 Formica aserva ForelMicrodon (s.s.) piperi KnabUSA[44]1
 Formica densiventris ViereckMicrodon (s.s.) manitobensis CurranUSA[44]1
 Formica difficilis EmeryMicrodon (s.s.) cf. tristis LoewUSA[4]1
 Formica exsectoides ForelMicrodon (s.s.) abstrusus ThompsonUSA[38]1
 Formica fusca LinnaeusMicrodon (s.s.) albicomatus NovakUSA[38]1
 Formica fusca LinnaeusMicrodon (s.s.) spec.Europe[25]1
 Formica japonica MotschoulskyMicrodon (s.s.) kidai Hironaga and MaruyamaJapan[48]2
 Formica japonica MotschoulskyMicrodon (s.s.) yokohamai Hironaga and MaruyamaJapan[48]2
 Formica lemani BondroitMicrodon (s.s.) murayami Hironaga and MaruyamaJapan[48]4
 Formica lemani BondroitMicrodon (s.s.) mutabilis LinnaeusUnited Kingdom[16]1
 Formica neoclara EmeryMicrodon (s.s.) albicomatus NovakUSA[44]1
 Formica neoclara EmeryMicrodon (s.s.) cothurnatus BigotUSA[44]1
 Formica neoclara EmeryMicrodon (s.s.) manitobensis CurranUSA[44]1
 Formica neoclara EmeryMicrodon (s.s.) piperi KnabUSA[44]1
 Formica neogagates ViereckMicrodon (s.s.) lanceolatus AdamsUSA[44]1
 Formica neorufibarbis EmeryMicrodon (s.s.) albicomatus NovakUSA[44]1
 Formica neorufibarbis EmeryMicrodon (s.s.) piperi KnabUSA[44]1
 Formica obscuripes ForelMicrodon (s.s.) albicomatus NovakUSA[38]1
 Formica obscuripes ForelMicrodon (s.s.) cothurnatus BigotUSA[44, 51]1
 Formica obscuripes ForelMicrodon (s.s.) piperi KnabUSA[44]1
 Formica obscuripes ForelMicrodon (s.s.) cf. tristis LoewUSA[4]1
 Formica obscuripes ForelMicrodon (s.s.) xanthopilis TownsendUSA[44, 52]1
 Formica obscuriventris MayrMicrodon (s.s.) cothurnatus BigotUSA[44]1
 Formica obscuriventris MayrMicrodon (s.s.) piperi KnabUSA[44]1
 Formica podzolica FrancoeurMicrodon (s.s.) cothurnatus BigotUSA[44]1
 Formica ravida CreightonMicrodon (s.s.) cothurnatus BigotUSA[44, 53]1
 Formica ravida CreightonMicrodon (s.s.) piperi KnabUSA[44]1
 Formica rufa LinnaeusMicrodon (s.s.) spec.Europe[25]1
 Formica rufibarbis FabriciusMicrodon (s.s.) spec.Europe[25]1
 Formica sanguinea LatreilleMicrodon (s.s.) spec.Europe[22–25]1
 Formica schaufussi MayrMicrodon (s.s.) ocellaris CurranUSA[38]1
 Formica schaufussi MayrMicrodon (s.s.) cf. tristis LoewUSA[4]1
 Formica subsericea SayMicrodon (s.s.) megalogaster SnowUSA[38, 54]1
 Lasius alienus (Foerster)Microdon (s.s.) ruficrus WillistonCanada[38]1
 Lasius brunneus (Latreille)Microdon (s.s.) spec.Europe[25]1
 Lasius fuliginosus (Latreille)Microdon (s.s.) spec.Europe[23–25]1
 Lasius flavus (Fabricius)Microdon (s.s.) spec.Europe[25]1
 Lasius niger (Linnaeus)Microdon (s.s.) ?mutabilis (Linnaeus)France[55]1
 Lasius niger (Linnaeus)Microdon (s.s.) spec.Europe[25]1
 Lasius pallitarsis (Provancher)Microdon spec.USA[56] 
 Lasius spec.Microdon (s.s.) ruficrus WillistonUSA[38]1
 Lepisiota capensis (Mayr)Paramixogaster  acantholepidis (Speiser)South Africa[57]1
 Polyergus lucidus Mayr
 (slave: Formica schaufusi Mayr)		Microdon (Chymophila) fulgens WiedemannUSA[38]1
 Polyrhachis lamellidens SmithMicrodon (Chymophila) katsurai Maruyama and HironagaJapan[58]3
 Polyrhachis spec.Microdon (s.l.) waterhousei FergusonAustralia Collection: USNM; ant identified by J. Doyen1
Myrmicinae    
 Acromyrmex coronatus (Fabricius)Microdon (Chymophila) tigrinus CurranBrazil[59, 60]1
 Aphaenogaster fulva RogerOmegasyrphus  coarctatus (Loew)USA[37]1
 Crematogaster brasiliensis MayrMicrodontinae spec.Costa Rica[61]1
 Crematogaster crinosa MayrStipomorpha  wheeleri (Mann)Panama[62]1
 Crematogaster crinosa MayrMicrodontinae spec.Panama[32]1
 Crematogaster cf. crinosa MayrMicrodontinae spec.British Guiana[32]1
 Crematogaster limata SmithPseudomicrodon  biluminiferus (Hull)Brazil[43]1
 Crematogaster spec.Paramixogaster  crematogastri (Speiser)South Africa[57]1
 Crematogaster spec.Stipomorpha spec. Nov.Brazil Collection: BMNH; ant identified by O.W. Richards1
 Leptothorax spec.Microdon (s.s.) mutabilis LinnaeusUnited Kingdom[16]1
 Monomorium minimum (Buckley)Omegasyrphus  baliopterus (Loew)USA[10, 63]1
 Monomorium minimum (Buckley)Omegasyrphus  painteri (Hull)USA[38]1
 Monomorium minimum (Buckley)*Omegasyrphus  coarctatus (Loew)USA[37, 64]1
 Myrmica incompleta ProvancherMicrodon (s.s.) albicomatus NovakUSA[15]1
 Myrmica scabrinodis NylanderMicrodon (s.s.) myrmicae Schonrogge et al.United Kingdom[16]1
 Pheidole dentata MayrSerichlamys  rufipes (Macquart)USA[38]1
Unidentified ants    
 Archimicrodon (s.l.) brachycerus (Knab and Malloch)Australia[65]1
 Paramixogaster  daveyi (Knab and Malloch)Australia[65]1
 Paramixogaster  vespiformis (Meijere)Indonesia Collection: ZMAN1
*Reported as “Monomorium minutum (Buckley)” by Greene [37, 64]. The valid name fort that taxon is Monomorium monomorium Bolton, but that is an Old World species, whereas the records are from North America. Probably Greene erroneously mixed up the names minimum and minutum.