Research Article

[Retracted] Climatic, Regional Land-Use Intensity, Landscape, and Local Variables Predicting Best the Occurrence and Distribution of Bee Community Diversity in Various Farmland Habitats in Uganda

Table 7

List of common wild flowering plant species visited by bees during floral resources collection in the coffee-banana farming system of central Uganda. Species are arranged per family, life cycle type, and type of flower colour/shape. These are plant species met in blooming periods and that were observed being visited by different bees species during transect surveys.

FamilySpeciesLifecycleFlower color/shape

MimosaceaeAcacia hockii De WildTreeYellow
MimosaceaeAcacia gerradii BenthTreeDirty/white
MimosaceaeAcacia zanziberica ShrubYellow
EuphorbiaceaeAcalypha bipartita Muell. Arg.ShrubGreen
Euphorbiaeae Acalypha ornata A.Rich.ShrubRed
AcanthaceaeAcanthus pubescens EnglShrubPink
AsteraceaeAcmella caulirhiza DelileHerbYellow
AsteraceaeAgeratum conyzoides L.HerbWhite
MimosaceaeAlbizzi grandibracteata TaubTreePale/green
MimosaceaeAlbizzia glaberrima (Schumach. and Thonn.) BenthTreeWhite
MimosaceaeAlbizzia adianthifolia (Schumach.) W.F. WightTreeWhite
MimosaceaeAlbizzia coriaria Oliv.TreeWhite
ScrophulariaceaeAlectra sessiliflora (Vahl) KuntzeHerbYellow
AmaranthaceaeAmaranthus dubius ThellHerbGreen
AmaranthaceaeAmaranthus hybridus L.subsp.hybridus HerbGreen
AristolochiaceaeAristolochia elegans Mast.HerbReddish/purple
AsteraceaeAspilia africana (Pers) C.D.AdamsHerbYellow
AcanthaceaeAsystasia gangetica (L.) T.AnderssonHerbWhite
AcanthaceaeAsystasia mysorensis (Roth) T.AndersonHerbWhite
AcanthaceaeBarleria spinisepale HerbPurple
AsteraceaeBerkheya spekeana Oliv.HerbYellow
AsteraceaeBidens pilosa L.HerbWhite/yellow
OxalidaceaeBiophytum abyssinicum A.Rich.HerbYellow
EuphorbiaceaeBridelia micrantha (Hochst) BaillTreeGreenish/yellow
CaesalpiniaceaeCaesalpinia decapetala (Roth) Alston ShrubYellow
PapilionaceaeCajanus cajan (L.) MillspShrubYellow
MimosaceaeCalliandra calothyrsus MeissnerShrubRed
MyrtaceaeCallistemon lanceolatus DC.TreeRed
TheaceaeCamellia sinensis (L.) O.Ktze.TreeWhite/cream
PailionaceaeCanavalia africana DunnHerbPurple
PailionaceaeCanavalia virosa (Roxb.) WightHerbPurple
SolanaceaeCapsicum annum L.HerbGreen
SapindaceaeCardiospermum halicacabum L.HerbWhite
CaesalpiniaceaeCassia hirsuta L.HerbYellow
CaesalpiniaceaeCassia kirkii Oliv.HerbYellow
MeliaceaeCedrella odorata L.TreeYellow/greenish
RutaceaeCitrus aurantifolia SwingleTreeWhite
RutaceaeCitrus lemon (L.) Burm.f.TreeWhite
RutaceaeCitrus reticulata BlancoTreeWhite
RutaceaeCitrus sinensis (L.) OsbeckTreeWhite
CapparaceaeCleome gynandra (L.) Briq.HerbWhite
CapparaceaeCleome monophylla L.HerbPurple
VerbenaceaeClerodendrum myricoides (Hochct.) VodkeShrubBlue
VerbenaceaeClerodendrum rotundifolium Oliv.HerbWhite
PalmaeCocos nucifera L.TreeOrange/yellow
CommelinaceaeCommelina benghalensis L.HerbYellow
CommelinaceaeCommelina africana L.HerbYellow
AsteraceaeCrassocephalum montuosum (S. Moore) Milne-Redh.HerbRed
AsteraceaeCrassocephalum vitellinum (Benth.) S. mooreHerbYellow
PapilionaceaeCrotalaria incana L.HerbYellow
PapilionaceaeCrotalaria brevidens Benth.var. Intermedia (Kotschy) Polh.HerbYellow
PapilionaceaeCrotalaria laburnifolia L.HerbYellow
PapilionaceaeCrotalaria natalica MeisnHerbYellow
VitaceaeCyphostemma adenocaule (A.Rich.) Willd. and DrummondHerbRed
PapilionaceaeDesmodium Salicifolium (Poir.) DC.HerbPink/purple
PapilionaceaeDesmodium tortusum (Sw.) DC.HerbPink
AsteraceaeDichrocephala integrifolia (L.f.) O.KtzeHerbGreenish/whitish
AcanthaceaeDyschoriste radicans NeesHerbYellow
PalmaeElaeis huineensis JacqTreeYellow
AsteraceaeEmilia javanica (Burm.f.) C.B. Rob.HerbRed
PapilionaceaeEriosema psoraleoides (Lam.) G.DonHerbYellow
AsteraceaeErlangea cordifolia (Oliv) S. MooreHerbPurple
AsteraceaeErlangea tomentosa S. MooreHerbLight purple
AsteraceaeErlangea ugandensis S. MooreShurbBlue
CruciferaeErucastrum arabicum Fisch and MeyHerbYellow
PapilionaceaeErythrina abyssinica DCTreeRed
MyrtaceaeEucalyptus grandis MardenTreePale
MyrtaceaeEucalyptus camaldulensis Tree Cream
EuphorbiaceaeEuphorbia heterophylla L.Herb Cream
EuphorbiaceaeEuphorbia hirta L.HerbGreen/purple
AsteraceaeGalisonga parviflora Cav.HerbWhite/yellow
PapilionaceaeGliricidia sepium (Jacq.) Walp.TreeNIL
PapilionaceaeGlycine wightii (Wight and Arn.) Verdc. var.longicanda (Scheinf.) Verdc.HerbPale/grey
AsteraceaeGuizotia scabra (Vis.) Chiov.HerbYellow
AsteraceaeHelianthus annua L.HerbYellow
ConvulvulaceaeHewittia sublobata (L.f.) O.Ktze.HerbYellow
MalvaceaeHibiscus surrantensis L.HerbYellow
MalvaceaeHibiscus diversifolius JacqShrubYellow
MalvaceaeHibiscus ludwigii Eckl. and Zeyh.ShrubYellow
LamiaceaeHoslundia opposita VahlHerbYellowish
PapilionaceaeIndiofera spicata Forssk.HerbRed
ConvulvulaceaeIpomoea cairica (L.) SweetHerbPurple
ConvulvulaceaeIpomoea hederifolia L.HerbRed
ConvulvulaceaeIpomoea obscura (L.) Ker-GawlHerbYellow
ConvulvulaceaeIpomoea purpurea (L.) RothHerbPurple
ConvulvulaceaeIpomoea wightii (Wall.) ChoisyHerbPurple
AcanthaceaeJusticia flava (Forsk) VahlHerbYellow
AcanthaceaeJusticia heterocarpa T.AnderssonHerbPink
CyperaceaeKyllinga bulbosa P.Beauv.SedgeWhite
VerbenaceaeLantana camara L.ShrubPink
VerbenaceaeLantana trifolia L.ShrubLight purple
LamiaceaeLeonotis nepetifolia (L.) Ait.f.HerbRed
MimosaceaeLeucaena leucocephala (Lam.) De WitTreeRed
LamiaceaeLeucas deflexa Hook.f.HerbWhite
VerbenaceaeLippia abyssinica (Otto and Diebr) Cuf.HerbWhite/yellow
LamiaceaeLuecas martinicensis (Jacq) Ait.f.HerbWhite
MyrsinaceaeMaesa lanceolata ForskTreeGreen
AnacardiaceaeMangifera indica L.TreeCream
BignoniaceaeMarkhamia lutea K.Schum.TreeYellow
AsteraceaeMelanthera scandens (Schumach and Thonn) RobertyHerbYellow
AsteraceaeMicroglossa pyrifolia (Lam.) O.Ktze.ShurbPale/yellow
MoraceaeMilicia excelsa (Welw.) C.C. Berg.TreeGreenish
MimosaceaeMimosa pigra L.ShrubPink
MimosaceaeMimosa pudica L.HerbPurple
RubiaceaeMitracarpus villosus (S.W.) DCHerbWhite
CucurbitaceaeMomordica foetida Schumach.HerbYellow
MoringaceaeMoringa oleifera Lam.TreeWhite/cream
MoraceaeMorus alba L.TreeNil
MusaceaeMusa paradisiaca L.TreeRed/brown/purple
MusaceaeMusa sapienthum TreeRed/brown/purple
LamiaceaeOcimum gratissimum ( L.) O.SuaveHerbWhite
LamiaceaeOcimum gratissimum var.rutshuruensis De WildHerbWhite
LamiaceaeOcimum suave Willd.HerbWhite
OxalidaceaeOxalis corniculata L.HerbYellow
OxalidaceaeOxalis latifolia L.HerbPink
PolygonaceaeOxygonum snuatum (Meisn.) DammerHerbPale/pink
PassifloraceaePassiflora edulis SimsTreePurple
LauraceaePersea americana Mill.TreeCream
SolanaceaePhysalis peruviana L.HerbYellow
PhytolacaceaePhytolacca dodecandra L'HeritHerbGreenish/white
LamiaceaePlastostoma africanum P. Beauv.HerbWhite
LamiaceaePlectranthus barbatus Andr.HerbPurple
RubiaceaePnetas parvifolia HerbRed/marron
PolygalaceaePolygala pygmaea GurkeHerbYellow
PolygonaceaePolygonum setosulum A.Rich.HerbPink
PapilionaceaePseudarthria hookeri Wight and Arn.HerbPink
MyrtaceaePsidium guajava L.TreeWhite
EuphorbiceaeRicinus communis L.TreeYellowish
PolygonaceaeRumex abyssinicus JacqHerbGreenish
PolygonaceaeRumex bequaertii De WildHerbGreenish
AsteraceaeSenecio discifolius Oliv.HerbYellow
CaesalpiniaceaeSenna didimobotrya L.ShrubYellow
PedaliaceaeSesamum angolense WelwHerbPurple
MalvaceaeSida acuta Burm.f.HerbCream/pale
MalvaceaeSida cordifolia L.HerbYellow
MalvaceaeSida cuneifolia Roxb.HerbYellow
MalvaceaeSida rhombifolia L.HerbWhitish/yellowish
AsteraceaeSiegesbeckia abyssinica (Ch. Bip.) Oliv. and HiernHerbYellow
AsteraceaeSiegesbeckia orientalis L.HerbYellow
SolanaceaeSolanum nigrum L.HerbWhite/yellow
SolanaceaeSolanum aculeastrum DunalShrubWhite
SolanaceaeSolanum anguivii Lam.HerbWhite
SolanaceaeSolanum florulentum Bitt.HerbWhite
SolanaceaeSolanum incanum L.HerbPurple
SolanaceaeSolanum macrocarpon L.HerbPurple
SolanaceaeSolanum mauritianum ScopShrubPurple
BignoniaceaeSpathodea nilotica SeemHerbRed
RubiaceaeSpermacoce princeae (K. Schum.)HerbWhite
VerbenaceaeStachytarpheta cayennensis (Rich.) VahlHerbBlue
PapilionaceaeTephrosia rhodesia Bak.f.HerbPurple
PapilionaceaeTephrosia vogelii Hook.f.ShrubPurple/white
ApocynaceaeThevetia pereviana (Pob) K.Schum.ShrubYellow
AcanthaceaeThumbergia holstii HerbPurple
AcanthaceaeThunbergia alata SimsHerbYellow
AsteraceaeTridax procumbens HerbYellow
TiliaceaeTriumfetta tomenosa Boj.ShrubYellow
TiliaceaeTriumfetta rhomboidea JacqHerbYellow
TiliaceaeTriumfetta trichocarpa A.Rich.Herb Cream
TyphaceaeTypha domingensis PersSedgeBrown
MalvaceaeUrena lobata L.HerbPink
AsteraceaeVernonia cinerea (L.) Less.HerbPurple
AsteraceaeVernonia amygdalina Del.TreeWhite/cream
AsteraceaeVernonia auriculifera Hiern TreePurple
AsteraceaeVernonia auriculifera HiernTreeCream/white
AsteraceaeVernonia campanea S. mooreHerbPurple
AsteraceaeVernonia kirungei Shrub Purple
AsteraceaeVernonia lasiopus O.Haffm.HerbPurple
PapilionaceaeVigna vexillata (L.) A.Rich.HerbPurple