Research Article
The Effect of Family Factors on Intense Alcohol Use among European Adolescents: A Multilevel Analysis
Table 1
Mean ages of onset of using alcohol and proportion of intense alcohol users and family factors in different countries (%).
| | Country | Age of onset of beer/wine | Age of onset of strong alcohol | Intense
alcohol use | Structure | Bonding | Parental supervision | Affluence | Negative life events | | | (SD) | (SD) | % | % | % | % | % | % |
| | Armenia | 11.16 (2.53) | 11.85 (2.47) | 9 | 89.8 | 30.5 | 74.7 | 20 | 93.5 | | Austria | 11.92 (2.15) | 13.09 (1.55) | 20.3 | 71.6 | 15.1 | 57.9 | 72.3 | 67.6 | | Belgium | 11.70 (2.06) | 12.79 (1.81) | 18.6 | 68.3 | 16.7 | 59.6 | 52 | 63.2 | | Bosnia and Herzegovina | 11.39 (2.42) | 11.91 (2.26) | 5.4 | 83.1 | 25.2 | 74.2 | 38.8 | 90 | | Cyprus | 10.91 (2.25) | 11.78 (2.06) | 14 | 89.6 | 36.3 | 72.9 | 62.8 | 80.9 | | Czech Republic | 10.44 (2.55) | 11.99 (1.97) | 23.6 | 70.3 | 6.2 | 43.9 | 54.8 | 67.5 | | Denmark | 12.12 (1.90) | 12.46 (1.89) | 25.5 | 65.5 | 14.3 | 56.4 | 77.3 | 54.1 | | Estonia | 11.01 (2.58) | 12.37 (2.07) | 20.6 | 62 | 4.7 | 34.4 | 57.5 | 61.8 | | Finland | 12.22 (2.18) | 13.40 (1.48) | 18.9 | 62.2 | 6.6 | 50.4 | 73.2 | 60.3 | | France | 11.35 (2.21) | 12.53 (1.79) | 7.6 | 67.6 | 18.3 | 57.4 | 45.2 | 66.8 | | Germany | 12.08 (1.98) | 13.18 (1.46) | 23.5 | 71.4 | 12.4 | 56.4 | 75.6 | 66.3 | | Hungary | 11.73 (2.29) | 12.93 (1.70) | 15 | 75 | 12 | 52.6 | 58.2 | 66.8 | | Iceland | 11.19 (2.28) | 12.11 (.91) | 7.5 | 70.6 | 21.3 | 44.5 | 88.8 | 73.6 | | Ireland | 12.14 (1.98) | 12.85 (1.61) | 22 | 80.8 | 12.2 | 49 | 65.2 | 79.3 | | Italy | 11.52 (2.29) | 13.19 (1.65) | 15.6 | 83.9 | 19.9 | 71.3 | 53.8 | 80.3 | | Lithuania | 10.98 (2.50) | 12.24 (2.21) | 18.7 | 74.9 | 12.7 | 49.5 | 53.2 | 67.8 | | Netherlands | 11.60 (1.93) | 12.90 (1.73) | 23.6 | 75.1 | 16.7 | 63.3 | 77.9 | 72.7 | | Norway | 12.55 (2.13) | 13.45 (1.65) | 10.8 | 66.4 | 14.6 | 56.1 | 82.8 | 67.2 | | Poland | 12.28 (2.26) | 13.16 (1.87) | 12.9 | 82.1 | 12.9 | 54.9 | 54.7 | 75.1 | | Portugal | 11.68 (2.16) | 12.55 (1.65) | 7.9 | 79.7 | 6.5 | 73 | 59.4 | 80.9 | | Russia | 11.71 (2.26) | 12.68 (1.96) | 8.8 | 70.6 | 12.5 | 52.8 | 29.7 | 68.7 | | Slovenia | 10.63 (2.58) | 12.07 (2.01) | 18 | 79.7 | 16.3 | 58.4 | 73.4 | 76.5 | | Spain | 12.97 (1.67) | 13.56 (1.42) | 10 | 81.8 | 15.2 | 78.1 | 58.3 | 82.5 | | Sweden | 11.94 (2.39) | 12.83 (1.91) | 10.5 | 62.1 | 11.4 | 57.3 | 77.6 | 59.3 | | Switzerland | 12.27 (2.11) | 13.38 (1.58) | 17.8 | 76.2 | 13.6 | 62.3 | 75.2 | 68.3 |
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