Negative Symptoms of Psychosis Correlate with Gene Expression of the Wnt/-Catenin Signaling Pathway in Peripheral Blood
Table 1
Sample characteristics.
Variable
Total ()
Age: mean years (sd)
43 (9)
Sex: female (%)
6 (32)
Education: mean years (sd)
13 (2)
Ancestry: (%)
European
10 (53)
African
6 (32)
Hispanic
2 (10)
Asian
1 (5)
Current smoker: (% yes)
13 (68)
Past 6-month substance use: (% yes)
3 (16)
Current medication use: (% yes)
Antipsychotic
16 (84)
Mood stabilizer
7 (37)
History of psychosis: (% yes)
19 (100)
Positive symptoms: mean score (sd)1
Hallucinations
2.8 (1.7)
Delusions
2.7 (1.3)
Bizarre behaviors
0.3 (0.5)
Formal thought disorder
0.5 (0.8)
Positive symptom total (SAPS)
1.6 (0.6)
Negative symptoms: mean score (sd)1
Affective flattening
1.9 (1.4)
Alogia
1.2 (1.5)
Apathy
2.2 (1.5)
Anhedonia
2.0 (1.7)
Attention
0.3 (0.6)
Negative symptom total (SANS)
1.5 (0.8)
Higher scores reflect greater severity (range 0–5). SAPS: Scale for the Assessment of Positive Symptoms. SANS: Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms.
