Impact of Substance Use Disorder on Presentation and Short-Term Course of Schizophrenia
Table 2
PANSS, HARS, and BPRS and Calgary scale for depression scores at baseline in schizophrenia patients with substance use disorder (Group 1) and without substance use disorder (Group 2).
Scales
Subscales
Group 1 () Mean ± s.d.
Group 2 () Mean ± s.d.
Sig
CI Lower bound
CI Upper bound
PANSS
Positive scale
−0.097
0.923
−2.284
2.070
Negative scale
−0.178
0.859
−2.931
2.447
Negative scale Difficulty in abstraction
1.71
0.089
−0.063
0.882
General psychopathology scale
−0.963
0.337
−3.724
1.284
HARS
Total HARS score
1.515
0.132
−0.668
5.047
BPRS
Total BPRS score
−0.571
0.569
−3.470
1.915
Mannerism/posturing
−2.262
0.025
−0.643
−4.33
Calgary scale for depression
Depression
1.374
0.172
−0.112
0.623
Hopelessness
3.002
0.003
0.175
0.852
Self-depreciation
2.079
0.039
1.714
0.680
Guilty ideas of reference
1.656
0.100
−4.632
0.524
Pathological guilt
0.938
0.350
−0.136
0.384
Morning depression
1.607
0.110
−5.942
0.575
Early waking
1.884
0.062
−1.682
0.703
Suicide
3.480
0.001
0.249
0.904
Observed depression
2.451
0.015
9.092
0.848
Total Calgary score
2.543
0.012
0.696
5.561
CI: confidence interval; “”: statistic; degree of freedom = 141.