Impact of Substance Use Disorder on Presentation and Short-Term Course of Schizophrenia
Table 3
PANSS, HARS, BPRS, and Calgary scale for depression scores at 3 weeks in schizophrenia patients with substance use disorder (Group 1) and without substance use disorder (Group 2).
Variables
Group 1 () Mean ± s.d.
Group 2 () Mean ± s.d.
Sig
CI Lower bound
CI Upper bound
PANSS
Positive scale
0.23
0.81
−2.15
2.73
Negative scale Total score
0.33
0.73
−2.20
3.10
Negative scale Difficulty in abstraction
2.21
0.02
0.66
1.15
General psychopathology scale
−0.460
0.64
−3.461
2.153
HARS
Total score
1.06
0.29
−1.11
3.68
BPRS
Total score
0.18
0.85
−3.13
3.76
Mannerism/posturing
−1.689
0.09
−0.41
−0.40
Calgary scale for depression
Depression
2.41
0.01
6.46
0.64
Hopelessness
1.70
0.09
−3.27
0.450
Self-depreciation
2.44
0.01
5.23
0.49
Guilty ideas of reference
0.77
0.44
−0.11
0.26
Pathological guilt
0.87
0.38
−8.73
0.22
Morning depression
0.63
0.52
−0.13
0.26
Early waking
0.84
0.39
−0.14
0.35
Suicide
1.12
0.26
−8.90
0.32
Observed depression
2.00
0.04
4.31
0.58
Total Calgary score
1.94
0.05
−2.47
3.16
CI: confidence interval; “”: statistic; degree of freedom = 141.