Executive Functions and Adaptive Behaviour in Autism Spectrum Disorders with and without Intellectual Disability

Table 1

Characteristics of experimental (ASD) and control (no-ASD) groups.

	𝑁	M/F	𝑃
Total ASD/no-ASD	27/34	24/5; 25/9	.76*
HF-ASD/TD	11/9	9/2; 6/3	.96*
ASD-BIF/BIF	8/12	6/2; 8/4	.52*
ASD-MID/MID	8/13	7/1; 11/2	.78*
	ASD; Mean (SD)	No-ASD; Mean (SD)	𝑃	Cohen’s 𝑑
	Chronological age
Total ASD/no-ASD	9.82 (3.43)	11.32 (2.75)	.063**	−0.48
HF-ASD/TD	8.99 (3.08)	9.73 (2.62)	.97**	−0.26
ASD-BIF/BIF	9.56 (3.8)	11.86 (2.81)	.26**	−0.69
ASD-MID/MID	9.99 (4.48)	12.77 (2.51)	.16**	−0.77
	Raven’s CPM
Total ASD/no-ASD	21.59 (7.07)	22.15 (5.16)	.72**	−0.09
HF-ASD/TD	25 (6.27)	23 (5.14)	.87**	0.34
ASD-BIF/BIF	21.63 (4.5)	23.67 (3.06)	.24**	−0.53
ASD-MID/MID	14.63 (3.74)	17.92 (3.62)	.07**	−0.89

ASD: autism spectrum disorders; HF: high functioning; BIF: borderline intellectual functioning; MID: mild intellectual disability; TD: typical development; M/F: males/females; CPM: coloured progressive matrices; *chi square test; **𝑡 test.