Psychiatry Journal

Research Article

Executive Functions and Adaptive Behaviour in Autism Spectrum Disorders with and without Intellectual Disability

Table 4

Means, SD, and statistically significant differences ( test; Bonferroni correction: ; Cohen’s test) obtained from experimental and control groups at BRIEF-Parent Form.


	ASD Mean (SD)	No-ASD Mean (SD)		Bonferroni adjusted value	Cohen’s

	BRIEF: behaviour regulation index
Total ASD/no-ASD	59.59 (9.45)	44.65 (11.87)	<.001	<.008	1.39
HF-ASD/TD	58 (9.59)	34.78 (2.99)	<.001	<.008	3.26
ASD-BIF/BIF	60.63 (10.50)	47.25 (9.98)	.01	ns	1.3
ASD-MID/MID	60.63 (7.50)	49.08 (13.75)	.043	ns	1.04

	BRIEF: metacognition index
Total ASD/no-ASD	84.63 (11.29)	83.68 (17.42)	ns	ns	0.06
HF-ASD/TD	82.5 (11.5)	59.22 (3.96)	<.001	<.008	2.7
ASD-BIF/BIF	85.13 (14.74)	94.58 (11.02)	ns	ns	−0.73
ASD-MID/MID	86.75 (7.52)	90.54 (9.72)	ns	ns	−0.44

	BRIEF: global executive composite
Total ASD/no-ASD	143.44 (16.99)	125.5 (27.3)	.016	ns	0.78
HF-ASD/TD	140.38 (15.43)	94.00	<.001	<.008	4.11
ASD-BIF/BIF	145.75 (21.93)	141.83 (18.38)	ns	ns	0.19
ASD-MID/MID	147.38 (13.98)	140.08 (22.65)	ns	ns	0.38

ASD: autism spectrum disorders; HF: high functioning; BIF: borderline intellectual functioning; MID: mild intellectual disability; TD: typical development; ns: no significance.