Prevalence of Depressive Symptoms and Related Factors in Japanese Employees: A Comparative Study between Surveys from 2007 and 2010

Table 2

Demographics of sample and the comparison between nonhigh scorers on the CES-D (<16) and high scorers on the CES-D (16) in the 2010 survey.

	Nonhigh scorers on the CES-D (<16)						High scorers on the CES-D (16)						% of high scorers; on the CES-D
	Number			% of each category			Number			% of each category
	Total	Men	Women	Total	Men	Women	Total	Men	Women	Total	Men	Women	Total	Men	Women
Sex	824	520	304	100	63.1	36.9	652	363	289	100	55.7	44.3	44.2	41.1	48.7
Age
29	130	87	43	15.8	16.7	14.1	161	87	74	24.7	24.0	25.6	55.3	50.0	63.2
30–39	220	147	73	26.7	28.3	24.0	176	108	68	27.0	29.8	23.5	44.4	42.4	48.2
40–49	222	136	86	26.9	26.2	28.3	172	93	79	26.4	25.6	27.3	43.7	40.6	47.9
50	252	150	102	30.6	28.8	33.6	143	75	68	21.9	20.7	23.5	36.2	33.3	40.0
Education
Compulsory/senior high school	491	331	160	59.6	63.7	52.6	375	237	138	57.5	65.3	47.8	43.3	41.7	46.3
Some tertiary education	194	82	112	23.5	15.8	36.8	177	64	113	27.1	17.6	39.1	47.7	43.8	50.2
Graduate degree or higher	137	106	31	16.6	20.4	10.2	98	60	38	15.0	16.5	13.1	41.7	36.1	55.1
Employment status
Full-time work	667	451	216	80.9	86.7	71.1	555	331	224	85.1	91.2	77.5	45.4	42.3	50.9
No full-time work	94	31	63	11.4	6.0	20.7	58	16	42	8.9	4.4	14.5	38.2	34.0	40.0
Employee type
Nonmanagerial class	570	326	244	69.2	62.7	80.3	472	255	217	72.4	70.2	75.1	45.3	43.9	47.1
Managerial class	160	126	34	19.4	24.2	11.2	106	65	41	16.3	17.9	14.2	39.8	34.0	54.7
Job category
Clerical/administrative	195	110	85	23.7	21.2	28.0	136	67	69	20.9	18.5	23.9	41.1	37.9	44.8
Professional	191	79	112	23.2	15.2	36.8	167	46	121	25.6	12.7	41.9	46.6	36.8	51.9
Sales/service	64	50	14	7.8	9.6	4.6	43	32	11	6.6	8.8	3.8	40.2	39.0	44.0
Technical	176	146	30	21.4	28.1	9.9	149	116	33	22.9	32.0	11.4	45.8	44.3	52.4
Others (on-site workers)	184	126	58	22.3	24.2	19.1	143	92	51	21.9	25.3	17.6	43.7	42.2	46.8
Working hours per day
8 h	467	266	201	56.7	51.2	66.1	323	167	156	49.5	46.0	54.0	40.9	38.6	43.7
>8 h	350	250	100	42.5	48.1	32.9	327	195	132	50.2	53.7	45.7	48.3	43.8	56.9
Sleep duration (weekdays)
<6 h	105	56	49	12.7	10.8	16.1	172	84	88	26.4	23.1	30.4	62.1	60.0	64.2
6 h	332	190	142	40.3	36.5	46.7	241	146	95	37.0	40.2	32.9	42.1	43.5	40.1
7 h	257	182	75	31.2	35.0	24.7	154	83	71	23.6	22.9	24.6	37.5	31.3	48.6
>7 h	114	83	31	13.8	16.0	10.2	71	48	23	10.9	13.2	8.0	38.4	36.6	42.6
Sleep duration (holidays)
<6 h	30	19	11	3.6	3.7	3.6	55	31	24	8.4	8.5	8.3	64.7	62.0	68.6
6 h	148	97	51	18.0	18.7	16.8	118	61	57	18.1	16.8	19.7	44.4	38.6	52.8
7 h	183	114	69	22.2	21.9	22.7	126	76	50	19.3	20.9	17.3	40.8	40.0	42.0
8 h	194	132	62	23.5	25.4	20.4	129	78	51	19.8	21.5	17.6	39.9	37.1	45.1
>8 h	35	24	11	4.2	4.6	3.6	48	25	23	7.4	6.9	8.0	57.8	51.0	67.6
Smoking behavior
Nonsmoker	331	112	219	40.2	21.5	72.0	268	81	187	41.1	22.3	64.7	44.7	42.0	46.1
Ceased smoker	188	149	39	22.8	28.7	12.8	123	85	38	18.9	23.4	13.1	39.5	36.3	49.4
Current smoker	302	259	43	36.7	49.8	14.1	260	197	63	39.9	54.3	21.8	46.3	43.2	59.4
Alcohol consumption
None/rare	287	118	169	34.8	22.7	55.6	259	108	151	39.7	29.8	52.2	47.4	47.8	47.2
1-2/week	164	103	61	19.9	19.8	20.1	133	61	72	20.4	16.8	24.9	44.8	37.2	54.1
3–5/week	102	71	31	12.4	13.7	10.2	75	48	27	11.5	13.2	9.3	42.4	40.3	46.6
6-7/week	269	227	42	32.6	43.7	13.8	185	146	39	28.4	40.2	13.5	40.7	39.1	48.1