Validation of a Biofeedback System for Wheelchair Propulsion Training

Table 1

Description of biofeedback variables.

Variable	Description (Units)
Braking torque	Maximum negative (braking) torque about the axle within the stroke (Nm)
Cadence	Push frequency (pushes/min)
Coast time	Time between handrim release and subsequent handrim contact (s)
Contact angle	Angle through which wheel rotates when hand is contact with handrim (degrees)
Impact	Maximum rate of force applied to the handrim (N/s)
Peak force	Maximum total force during the stroke, where total force = √(𝐹^2𝑥+𝐹^2𝑦+𝐹^2𝑧) (N)
Peak torque	Maximum torque about the axle during the stroke (Nm)
Power output	Power generated by applying a torque about the axle for a given contact angle (W)
Push distance	Distance travelled during the stroke (m)
Smoothness	Mean force divided by peak force, unit-less
Speed	Mean speed during the stroke (m/s)

N: Newton; m: meter; W: Watts.