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| Study, year | Design | PEDro score | Modified PEDro score | Number of patients | Participant characteristics | Complaints of patients | Outcome measures | Interventions | Number of sessions | Followup | Result |
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| Brantingham et al., 2007 [5] | Single subject, case study | 2/10 | 2/5 | 1 | 31-year-old male, golfer by profession | Post traumatic big toe pain since 7 month
Grade I hallux rigidus on X-ray | NRS rating for pain score LEFI ROM of big toe extension | Graded axial elongation of MTP joint
Ultrasonic therapy graded mobilization of MTP joint
Heel raises great toe mobility and flexibility Foot flexor strengthening exercises | 1 7 sessions distributed over 10 months | 5 months | Chiropractic interventions are helpful to reduce pain and management of hallux rigidus. RCT studies are needed to clear the interventions. |
| Brantingham and Wood, 2002 [21] | Single subject case study | 1/10 | 1/5 | 1 | 36-year-old male professional tennis player | Insidious onset of pain. Within six month pain increased to disabling limits; VAS score of pain was 10
MRI showed 80% of the foot extensor tendons had rubbed away due to spur on MTP dorsum and were repaired surgically
X-ray was not taken though the clinical diagnosis of Grade 2 Hallux rigidus was made | Pain on VAS scale Pain during playing tennis Plantar flexion strength of big toe | 1st session: the 1st MTP axial elongation with grade 4 mobilization at slow oscillation for 10–15 times Sessions 2–4: Same as first session
(i) Plus the HVLA thrust of MTP 3–5 times
(ii) subtalar eversion thrust
(iii) First ray planterflexion thrust
(iv) MTP dorsiflexion thrust
(v) axial elongation
After 6 session the HEP consisted of gentle dorsiflexor
ROM exercises cursive writing with toes | Total 4 treatment sessions over 2 weeks | 10 months | |
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| Manral, 2004 [22] | Single Subject case study | 0/10 | 0/5 | 1 | | Borg pain scale score 5/10
Great toe extension ROM | Borg pain scale, visualized ROM, Morton’s test | Chiropractic manipulative therapy, nutritional supplement, home advise of passive stretching great toe 3–5 repetition thrice a day | Total 7 sessions over 8 weeks | Not clearly mentioned | Quality RCTs are needed to evaluate the effect of used interventions on hallux rigidus |
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