An Exploration of the Effectiveness of Different Intensity Protocols of Modified Constraint-Induced Therapy in Stroke: A Systematic Review

Table 2

Characteristics of included studies.

Study (reference)	Age (years)	Sample size ()	Time since stroke (months)	Intervention period and treatment frequency	Outcome measures
	Mean (SD)		Mean
Lin et al. [54]	46.40 (26.00)	5	21.5	3 weeks; 5 days/week; 120 mins/day	(i) Fugl-Meyer assessment upper extremity (FMA-UE); (ii) Motor activity log (MAL); (iii) Functional magnetic resonance imaging examination (FMRI)
Tariah et al. [43]	54.80 (10.90)	10	9.2	2 months; 7 days/week; 120 mins/day	(i) Wolf motor function test (WMFT); (ii) Motor activity log (MAL); (iii) Fugl-Meyer assessment upper extremity (FMA-UE)
Khan et al. [53]	60.40 (16.10)	13	5.2	6 weeks; 3 days/week; 90 mins/day	(i) Wolf motor function test (WMFT); (ii) Motor activity log (MAL); (iii) Chedoke-McMaster impairment inventory (CMII); (iv) AROM in shoulder flexion; (v) Isometric strength shoulder flexion; (vi) Isometric strength shoulder extension; (vii) Isometric strength elbow flexion; (viii) Isometric strength elbow extension
Wu et al. [56]	51.91 (11.93)	22	14.9	3 weeks; 5 days/week; 2 hours/day	(i) Action research arm test (ARAT); (ii) Motor activity log (MAL); (iii) Frenchay activities index (FAI); (iv) Stroke impact scale (SIS)
Brunner et al. [50]	61.00 (10.00)	14	1.6	4 weeks; 4 days/week; 60 mins/day	(i) Action research arm test (ARAT); (ii) Nine-hole peg test (9HPT); (iii) Motor activity log (MAL)
Huseyinsinoglu et al. [58]	49.10 (13.70)	11	10.6	2 weeks; 5 days/week; 1 hour/day	(i) Wolf motor function test (WMFT); (ii) Motor activity log-28 (MAL); (iii) Motor evaluation scale for arm in stroke patients (MESUPES); (iv) Functional independence measure (FIM)
Smania et al. [41]	63.93 (9.56)	30	11.1	2 weeks; 5 days/week; 120 mins/day	(i) Wolf motor function test (WMFT); (ii) Motor activity log (MAL); (iii) Ashworth scale (AS)
Treger et al. [40]	62.00 (10.40)	9	1.3	2 weeks; 5 days/week; 1 hour/day	(i) Number of repetitions in peg transfer, ball grasping, and “eating” with a spoon; (ii) Functional independence measure (FIM); (iii) National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS); (iv) Manual function test (MFT)
Wu et al. [55]	56.30 (12.20)	19	13.7	3 weeks; 5 days/week; 2 hours/day	(i) Wolf motor function test (WMFT); (ii) Motor activity log (MAL)
Wu et al. [57]	54.87 (10.24)	15	15.00	3 weeks; 5 days/week; 2 hours/day	(i) Kinematic analysis; (ii) Fugl-Meyer assessment upper extremity (FMA-UE); (iii) Motor Activity Log (MAL)
De Diego et al. [52]	61.90 (9.70)	12	> 6 months	8 weeks; 2 days/week; 60 mins/day	(i) Fugl-Meyer assessment upper extremity (FMA-UE); (ii) Motor activity log (MAL); (iii) Stroke impact scale version 16 (SIS-16)
Singh and Pradhan [37]	55.20 (9.27)	20	< 1 month	2 weeks; 5 days/week; 120 days/week	(i) Wolf motor function test (WMFT); (ii) Fugl-Meyer assessment upper extremity (FMA-UE)
Takebayashi et al. [42]	Group 1: 53.6 (12.7)	11	15.2	2 weeks; 5 days/week; 5 hours/days	(i) Fugl-Meyer assessment upper extremity (FMA-UE); (ii) Motor activity log (MAL)
	Group 2: 52.0 (14.4)	10	8.9
Van Delden et al. [47]	59.80 (13.80)	22	2.3	6 weeks; 3 days/week; 60 mins/day	(i) Action research arm test (ARAT)
Bang et al. [45]	56.11 (5.26)	9	16.8	4 weeks; 5 days/week; 60 mins/day	(i) Action research arm test (ARAT; (ii) Fugl-Meyer assessment upper extremity (FMA-UE); (iii) Modified Barthel index (mBI); (iv) Motor activity log (MAL)
Barzel et al. [32]	62.55 (13.73)	85	56.6	4 weeks; 10 hours/week	(i) Motor activity log (MAL); (ii) Wolf motor function test (WMFT); (iii) Stroke impact scale hand function (SIS); (iv) Nine-hole peg test (NHPT); (v) Barthel index (BI); (vi) Instrumental activities of daily living (IADL)
El-Helow et al. [31]	53.90 (7.26)	30	< 1 month	2 weeks; 5 days/week; 120 mins/day	(i) Fugl-Meyer assessment upper extremity (FMA-UE); (ii) Action research arm test (ARAT); (iii) Resting motor threshold (RMT); (iv) Motor evoked potential; (v) Central motor conduction time
McNulty et al. [26]	56.10 (17.00)	20	6.5	2 weeks; 5 days/week; 60 mins/day	(i) Wolf motor function (WMFT); (ii) Motor activity log (MAL); (iii) Fugl-Meyer assessment upper extremity (FMA-UE); (iv) Box and block test (BBT); (v) Grooved pegboard
Thrane et al. [51]	65.30 (8.00)	24	< 1 month	2 weeks; 5 days/week; 3 hours/days	(i) Wolf motor function test (WFMT); (ii) Fugl-Meyer assessment upper extremity (FMA-UE); (iii) Nine-hole peg test (NHPT); (iv) Arm use ratio; (v) Stroke impact scale (SIS)
Bang [44]	58.22 (5.17)	10	2.6	4 weeks; 5 days/week; 60 mins/day	(i) Action research arm test (ARAT; (ii) Fugl-Meyer assessment upper extremity (FMA-UE); (iii) Modified Barthel index (mBI); (iv) Motor activity log (MAL); (v) Modified Ashworth scale (mAS)
Kwakkel et al. [46]	58.97 (14.05)	29	< 1 month	3 weeks; 5 days/week; 60 mins/day	(i) Action research arm test (ARAT); (ii) Fugl-Meyer assessment upper extremity (FMA-UE); (iii) Wolf motor function test (WMFT); (iv) Motricity index of the upper extremity (MI-UE); (v) Erasmus modification of the Nottingham sensory assessment of the upper extremity (EmNSA-UE); (vi) Nine-hole peg test (NHPT); (vii) Frenchay arm test (FAT); (viii) Motor activity log (MAL); (ix) Hand domain of the stroke impact scale (SIS-hand, version 3.0)
Otadi et al. [39]	50.80 (9.07)	6	3.6	3 weeks; 5 days/week; 120 mins/day	(i) Motor activity log (MAL); (ii) Wolf motor function test (WMFT); (iii) Modified Ashworth scale (MAS)
Shah et al. [36]	64.60 (11.70)	20	< 6 months	2 weeks; 7 days/week; 3 hours/day	(i) Nine-hole peg test (NHPT); (ii) Motor activity log (MAL); (iii) Fugl-Meyer assessment upper extremity (FMA-UE)
Trinh et al. [27]	55.50 (17.40)	17	10.94	2 weeks; 5 days/week; 60 mins/day	(i) Wolf motor function (WMFT); (ii) Motor activity log (MAL)
Yadav et al. [38]	47.03 (13.76)	30	10	4 weeks; 3 days/week; 3 hours/day	(i) Fugl-Meyer assessment (FMA); (ii) Motor activity log (MAL)
Bhattacharjee et al. [34]	N/I	15	N/I	2 weeks; 5 days/week; 30 mins/day	(i) Sollerman hand function test; (ii) Wrist flexion ROM; (iii) Wrist extension ROM
Yu et al. [30]	58.54 (9.61)	13	< 1 month	2 weeks; 5 days/week; 3 hours/day	(i) Wolf motor function test (WMFT); (ii) Motor activity log (MAL); (iii) Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)
Abdullahi [49]	54.62 (6.00)	13	< 1 month	4 weeks; 5 days/week; 3 hours/day	(i) Fugl-Meyer assessment upper extremity (FMA-UE); (ii) Wolf motor function test (WMFT); (iii) Motor activity log (MAL); (iv) Upper limb self-efficacy test (UPSET)
Baldwin et al. [25]	59.20 (13.10)	10	8.3	2 weeks; 6 days/week; 60 mins/day	(i) Wolf motor function test (WMFT); (ii) Motor activity log (MAL); (iii) Adherence logbook
Doussoulin et al. [29]	Group 1: 58.33 (10.38)	24	> 6 months	2 weeks; 5 days/week; 3 hours/day	(i) Motor activity log (MAL); (ii) Action research arm test (ARAT)
	Group 2: 48.75 (18.60)	12
Abba et al. [48]	59.53 (9.92)	15	7.9	6 weeks; 3 days/week; 45 mins/day	(i) Fugl-Meyer assessment upper extremity (FMA-UE); (ii) Modified Ashworth scale
Bhardwaj et al. [33]	Group 1: 50.0 (9.7)	16	N/I	2 weeks; 6 days/week; 2 hours/day	(i) Box and block test; (ii) Patient-rated wrist hand evaluation score
	Group 2: 46.22 (12.48)	18
Gauthier et al. [23]	62 (13)	40	58.8	3 weeks; 10 sessions; 3.5 hours/session	(i) Motor activity log (MAL); (ii) Wolf motor function test (WMFT)
Kaviraja et al. [35]	N/I	15	N/I	4 weeks; 5 days/week; 30 mins/day	(i) Fugl-Meyer assessment upper extremity (FMA-UE); (ii) Upper extremity functional index scale
Rocha et al. [28]	59.66 (10.04)	15	45.7	8 weeks; 3 days/week; 60 mins/day	(i) Fugl-Meyer motor assessment physical performance scale (FMA); (ii) Functional reach test (FRT); (iii) Stroke specific quality of life scale (SS-QOL)
Uswatte et al. [24]	55.3 (48.1–62.5)	12	28.8	2 weeks; 5 days/week; 3.5 hours/day	(i) Motor activity log (MAL); (ii) Wolf motor function test (WMFT); (iii) Participant opinion survey (POS)

N/I: information was not given by the authors.