An Exploration of the Effectiveness of Different Intensity Protocols of Modified Constraint-Induced Therapy in Stroke: A Systematic Review

Table 3

Treatment intensity and outcome measurements.

Study (reference)	Assessment tool	Pretreatment ()	Posttreatment ()	Follow-up ()	value (pre-post)	value (pre-follow up)	value (post-follow-up)	MCID (yes/no)	Treatment time/splint wearing time
Abba et al. [48]	FMA-UE				Sign.			Yes	Low/low
De Diego et al. [52]	FMA-UE				Sign.			No	Low/low
	MAL-QOM				N/S			No
	MAL-AOU				Sign.			No
Kwakkel et al. [46]	ARAT				Sign.	Sign.	N/R	Yes^a, yes^b, and no^c	Low/low
	FMA-UE				N/S	N/S	N/R	Yes^a, yes^b, and no^c
	MI-UE				N/S	N/S	N/R	—
	SIS-HF				N/S	N/S	N/R	—
	WMFT-PT				N/S	N/S	N/R	No^a, no^b, and no^c
	WMFT-FA				Sign.	N/S	N/R	Yes^a, yes^b, and no^c
	MAL-QOM				N/S	N/S	N/R	Yes^a, yes^b, and no^c
	MAL-AOU				N/S	N/S	N/R	Yes^a, yes^b, and no^c
	NHPT				N/S	N/S	N/R	—
Bang [44]	ARAT				Sign.			No^a	Low/moderate
	FMA-UE				Sign.			No^a
	MAL-AOU				Sign.			No^a
	MAL-QOM				Sign.			No^a
Bang, et al., 2015 [45]	ARAT	26.00 (24.00–28.50)^d	39.00 (34.00–40.50)^d		Sign.			No^a	Low/moderate
	FMA-UE	39.00 (36.50–47.00)^d	46.00 (44.00–50.00)^d		Sign.			No^a
	MAL-AOU	1.68 (1.19–1.79)^d	2.73 (2.59–2.86)^d		Sign.			Yes^a
	MAL-QOM	1.72 (1.34–1.92)^d	2.85 (2.72–3.04)^d		Sign.			Yes^a
Bhattacharjee et al. [34]	SHFT				Sign.			—	Low/moderate
Brunner et al. [50]	ARAT				Sign.	Sign.	N/R	No^a, yes^b, and no^c	Low/Moderate
	NHPT				Sign.	Sign.	N/R	—
	MAL-AOU				Sign.	Sign.	N/R	Yes^a, yes^b, and no^c
	MAL-QOM				Sign.	Sign.	N/R	Yes^a, yes^b, and no^c
El-Helow et al. [31]	FMA-UE				Sign.			Yes^a	Low/moderate
	ARAT				Sign.			Yes^a
Kaviraja et al. [35]	FMA-UE				Sign.			Yes^a	Low/moderate
Treger et al. [40]	MFT		N/R		N/R	N/S	N/R	—	Low/moderate
	Peg transfer		N/R		N/R	Sign.	N/R	—
	Ball grasping		N/R		N/R	Sign.	N/R	—
	Eating with a spoon		N/R		N/R	Sign.	N/R	—
Van Delden et al. [47]	ARAT				Sign.	N/R	Sign.	Yes^a, yes^b, and no^c	Low/moderate
	FMA-UE				Sign.	N/R	Sign.	No^a, yes^b, and no^c
	NHPT				Sign.	N/R	N/S	—
	MAL-AOU				Sign.	N/R	N/S	Yes^a, yes^b, and no^c
	MAL-QOM				Sign.	N/R	N/S	Yes^a, yes^b, and no^c
	SIS-HF				Sign.	N/R	N/S	—
Baldwin et al. [25]	WMFT-PT				N/S	N/S	N/R	No^a, no^b, and no^c	Low/high
	WMFT-FA				N/S	Sign.	N/R	No^a, no^b, and no^c
	MAL-QOM				Sign.	Sign.	N/R	Yes^a, yes^b, and no^c
	MAL-AOU				Sign.	Sign.	N/R	Yes^a, yes^b, and no^c
McNulty et al. [26]	WMFT-PT	13.46 (6.7–24.53)^d	9.97 (5.47–20.08)^d	9.97 (4.9–18.17)^d	Sign.	N/R	N/S	Yes^a, yes^b, and no^c	Low/high
	MAL-QOM	1.6 (1.6–1.92)^d	1.96 (1.88–2.03)^d	1.94 (1.8–2.02)^d	Sign.	N/R	Sign.	No^a, no^b, and no^c
	FMA-UE	40.45 (36.60–54.60)^d	44.7 (36.60–54.60)^d	49.4 (29.96–73.70)^d	Sign.	N/R	Sign.	No^a, no^b, and no^c
	Box and block test	2.4 (1.7–3.2)^d	2.8 (2.2–3.4)^d	2.8 (2.1–3.4)^d	Sign.	N/R	N/S	—
	Grooved pegboard	5.0 (4.7–5.3)^d	5.0 (4.6–5.3)^d	5.2 (4.8–5.5)^d	N/S	N/R	N/S	—
Singh and Pradhan [37]	WMFT				Sign.			—	Low/high
	FMA-UE				Sign.			Yes^a
Smania et al. [41]	WMFT-FA				Sign.	Sign.	N/R	No^a, yes^b, and no^c	Low/high
	WMFT-PT				Sign.	Sign.	N/R	Yes^a, yes^b, and yes^c
	MAL-AOU				Sign.	Sign.	N/R	Yes^a, yes^b, and no^c
	MAL-QOM				Sign.	Sign.	N/R	Yes^a, yes^b, and no^c
Trinh et al. [27]	WMFT-PT	17.5 (5.2–74.0)^d	11.4 (3.0–65.3)^d		Sign.			Yes^a	Low/high
	MAL-QOM	1.6 (1.65–1.91)^d	1.9 (1.66–2.03)^d		Sign.			No^a
Khan et al. [53]	WMFT-PT				Sign.	Sign.	N/R	Yes^a, yes^b, and no^c	Moderate/low
	WMFT-FA				Sign.	Sign.	N/R	Yes^a, yes^b, and no^c
	MAL-AOU				Sign.	Sign.	N/R	Yes^a, yes^b, and no^c
	MAL-QOM				Sign.	Sign.	N/R	Yes^a, yes^b, and no^c
Rocha et al. [28]	FMA-UE				Sign.			Yes^a	Moderate/low
Bhardwaj et al. [33]	Box and block test^1				Sign			—	Moderate/moderate
	Box and block test^2				Sign.			—
Lin et al. [54]	FMA-UE				Sign.			No^a	Moderate/moderate
	MAL-AOU				Sign.			Yes^a
	MAL-QOM				Sign.			Yes^a
Otadi et al. [39]	MAL-QOM				Sign.	N/R	Sign.	Yes^a, yes^b, and no^c	Moderate/moderate
	MAL-AOU				Sign.	N/R	Sign.	Yes^a, yes^b, and yes^c
	WMFT-PT				Sign.	N/R	Sign.	Yes^a, yes^b, and yes^c
	WMFT-FA				Sign.	N/R	Sign.	Yes^a, yes^b, and no^c
Wu et al. [55]	ARAT				Sign.			No^a	Moderate/moderate
	MAL-AOU				Sign.			No^a
	MAL-QOM				Sign.			Yes^a
	SIS-HF				Sign.			—
Wu et al. [56]	WMFT-PT				Sign.			Yes^a	Moderate/moderate
	WMFT-FA				Sign.			No^a
	MAL-AOU				Sign.			Yes^a
	MAL-QOM				Sign.			Yes^a
Wu et al. [57]	FMA-UE				Sign.			No^a	Moderate/moderate
	MAL-AOU				Sign.			No^a
	MAL-QOM				Sign.			No^a
Yadav et al. [38]	FMA-UE				Sign.	Sign.	Sign.	Yes^a, yes^b, and no^c	Moderate/moderate
	MAL-AOU				Sign.	Sign.	Sign.	No^a, no^b, and no^c
	MAL-QOM				Sign.	Sign.	Sign.	No^a, no^b, and no^c
Yu et al. [30]	WMFT-FA				Sign.	N/R	N/R	Yes^a, yes^b, and no^c	Moderate/moderate
	WMFT-PT				Sign.	N/R	N/R	Yes^a, yes^b, and yes^c
	MAL-AOU				Sign.	N/R	N/R	Yes^a, yes^b, and no^c
	MAL-QOM				Sign.	N/R	N/R	Yes^a, yes^b, and yes^c
Doussoulin et al. [29]	MAL-AOU^3				Sign.	N/R	Sign.	Yes^a, yes^b, and no^c	Moderate/high
	MAL-AOU^4				Sign.	N/R	Sign.	Yes^a, yes^b, and no^c
	ARAT^3				Sign.	N/R	Sign.	No^a, no^b, and no^c
	ARAT^4				Sign.	N/R	Sign.	Yes^a, yes^b, and no^c
Gauthier et al. [23]	MAL-QOM				Sign.	Sign.	N/R	Yes^a, yes^b, and yes^c	Moderate/high
	WMFT-PT				Sign.	Sign.	N/R	Yes^a, yes^b, and no^c
Huseyinsinoglu et al. [58]	MAL-QOM				Sign.			Yes^a	Moderate/high
	MAL-AOU				Sign.			Yes^a
	WMFT-FA				Sign.			Yes^a
	WMFT-PT				Sign.			Yes^a
	MESUPES				Sign.			—
Uswatte et al. [24]	MAL-QOM	0.90 (0.5–1.4)^d	3.6 (2.7–4.5)^d	2.9 (1.9–4)^d	Sign.	Sign.	N/R	Yes^a, yes^b, and no^c	Moderate/high
	WMFT-PT	2.22 (1.71–3)^d	1.96 (1.44–2.91)^d		Sign.			—
Thrane et al. [51]	WMFT-PT				Sign.	N/R	Sign.	Yes^a, no^b, and no^c	Moderate/high
	WMFT-FA				Sign.	N/R	Sign.	No^a, yes^b, and no^c
	FMA – UE				Sign.	N/R	Sign.	No^a, yes^b, and no^c
	NHPT				Sign.	N/R	Sign.	—
	SIS-HF	N/R	N/R		Sign.	N/R	Sign.	—
Tariah et al. [43]	WMFT-PT		10.25	7.86	Sign.	Sign.	N/R	Yes^a, yes^b, and yes^c	High/low
	WMFT-FA				Sign.	Sign.	N/R	No^a, no^b, and no^c
	MAL-AOU				Sign.	Sign.	N/R	Yes^a, yes^b, and no^c
	MAL-QOM				Sign.	Sign.	N/R	Yes^a, yes^b, and no^c
	FMA-UE				Sign.	Sign.	N/R	No^a, no^b, and no^c
Barzel et al. [32]	MAL-QOM				Sign.	Sign.	N/R	No^a, no^b, and no^c	High/moderate
	MAL-AOU				Sign.	Sign.	N/R	No^a, no^b, and no^c
	WMFT-PT				Sign.	Sign.	N/R	Yes^a, yes^b, and no^c
	WMFT-FA				Sign.	N/S	N/R	No^a, no^b, and no^c
	NHPT				N/S	N/S	N/R	—
	SIS-HF				Sign.	Sign.	N/R	—
Takebayashi et al. [42]	MAL-AOU^5				Sign.	Sign.	Sign.	No^a, yes^b, and no^c	High/moderate
	MAL-AOU^6				Sign.	Sign.	N/S	No^a, no^b, and no^c
	FMA-UE^5				Sign.	Sign.	N/S	No^a, yes^b, and no^c
	FMA-UE^6				Sign.	Sign.	N/S	No^a, no^b, and no^c
Abdullahi [49]	FMA-UE				Sign.	Sign.	Sign.	Yes^a, yes^b, and no^c	High/high
	MAL-QOM				Sign.	Sign.	Sign	No^a, yes^b, and no^c
	MAL-AOU				Sign.	Sign.	Sign.	No^a, yes^b, and no^c
	WMFT-FA				N/S	N/S	Sign.	No^a, yes^b, and no^c
	UPSET				Sign.	Sign.	N/S	—
Shah et al. [36]	NHPT				N/S			—	High/high
	MAL				Sign.			No^a
	FMA				Sign.			—

¹mCIMT with interval; ²mCIMT without interval; ³group modality; ⁴individual modality; ⁵transfer package group; ⁶without transfer package group; ^apre to posttreatment difference; ^bpretreatment to follow-up difference; ^cposttreatment to follow-up difference; ^dmedian (IQR); MCID: minimally clinically important difference; N/R: not reported; N/S: not significant; MI-UE: motricity index of the upper extremity; SIS-HF: hand domain of the stroke impact scale; NHPT: nine-hole peg test; SHFT: Sollerman hand function test; MFT: manual function test; MESUPES: motor evaluation scale for arm in stroke patients; UPSET: upper limb self-efficacy test.