Use of Virtual Reality in Physical Therapy as an Intervention and Diagnostic Tool

Table 1

Common VR system used in healthcare.

		Manufacturer	Special characteristics
Virtual reality (VR)	Oculus (Quest 2)	Oculus VR	3D positional audio and 6 degrees of freedom (DFO) sensor to track head movement, provides a higher resolution, and does not require cable connections.
	Oculus (Rift S)	Oculus VR	Rift S provides a software library and easy setup with a PC hardware platform.
	CAREN	Motek Technologies	Includes real-time motion and force capturing system and 6 DOF moving platform and 360-degree theater system.
	Samsung Gear VR	Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd.	Turns a cell phone into a portable VR system and is a lightweight platform to use.
	Psious	Amelia Virtual Care	Focuses on modules for mental health.
	Virtualis	Virtualis VR (Perols, France)	Provides modules for a variety of health conditions to improve activities of daily living (ADL), balance, motor function, hemineglect, cognition, and proprioception.
Augmented reality (AR)	Nintendo Wii variations	Nintendo Co., Ltd.	A VR experience through a player’s avatar that captures the overall player’s motions with the aid of the handheld device and infrared sensors.
	Kinect for Xbox 360 or Xbox One	Microsoft Corporation	Provides an immersive experience where individuals can use their body to control their game motions.
	Reh@City	Teresa Paulino at Universidade da Madeira	Navigate a city and engage in basic ADLs.
	BTS Nirvana VR	BTS Bioengineering	Provides rehabilitation modules specific for neurological disorders.