Differences in Trocar Positioning within the Vertebral Body Using Two Different Positioning Methods: Effect on Trainee Performance
Figure 1
ISOcenter puncture method. (a) Positioning: lateral view. (b) Positioning: frontal view. The examining table is moved with the monitor screen used for fluoroscopic viewing of the front and lateral images until the puncture target overlaps the isocenter marker. (Arrow: Isocenter marker.) (c) Rotation of the C-arm. The C-arm is rotated in a three-dimensional manner until the isocenter marker overlaps the center of the pediculus arcus vertebral image. (d) Puncture: lateral view. (e) Puncture: frontal view. Puncture is conducted while targeting the isocenter marker under fluoroscopic guidance. Following penetration of the bony cortex of the vertebral arch pedicle, the needle is advanced up to the target indicated by the isocenter marker, under frontal and lateral fluoroscopic viewing.
