Research Article

Malaysian Nurses’ Knowledge of Radiation Protection: A Cross-Sectional Study

Table 2

Items of HPKRP scale competence (N = 395).

HPKRP scale main factors and itemsMean ± standard deviation

Radiation physics and radiation use principles4.69 ± 2.49
I know how ionizing radiation is produced4.41 ± 2.76
I know the differences between ionizing and nonionizing radiation4.20 ± 2.77
I know the differences between electromagnetic and ionizing radiation4.40 ± 2.90
I know the characteristics and physical features of X-rays4.96 ± 2.92
I know how the harmful effects of medical radiation are caused6.79 ± 2.63
I can describe the deterministic effects of certain radiation doses4.29 ± 2.85
I can describe the stochastic effects of a certain radiation dose4.07 ± 2.84
I know the justification principles for medical radiation examinations4.57 ± 2.90
I understand the equations and measures in medical radiation examinations4.13 ± 2.82
I understand the meaning of the as low as reasonably achievable principle in radiation examinations4.21 ± 2.98
I know the fundamental principles of radiation protection5.89 ± 2.92
I have obtained enough education about the use of radiation in medical examinations4.35 ± 2.72
Radiation protection and safety6.03 ± 2.59
I know how to properly use personal radiation protection equipment (PPE)7.29 ± 2.62
I know how to properly use the radiation protection equipment for patients6.65 ± 2.85
I pay attention to the other personnel while working in a controlled area and using radiation7.39 ± 2.57
I know how to document all the essential information concerning the use of radiation5.52 ± 3.15
I am aware that information concerning a patient’s radiation dose must be written down in patient records5.44 ± 3.22
I know the protocols concerning radiation workers who are pregnant6.85 ± 2.90
I try to promote agreed safety protocols concerning radiation dose and radiation usage in my daily work and actions6.12 ± 3.03
I understand the factors affecting a patient’s radiation dose5.67 ± 3.09
I understand the meaning of the inverse square law in radiation protection4.41 ± 3.13
I know how to account for differences between adult and child/adolescent patients in radiological examinations5.27 ± 3.14
I know how to assess my actions critically and comprehensively while working with medical radiation5.33 ± 3.03
I am aware of the radiation safety arrangements at my work6.32 ± 2.92
I understand the meaning of radiation safety culture6.14 ± 2.96
Guidelines of safe ionizing radiation use5.83 ± 2.77
I know the meaning of warning signs regarding radiation safety6.99 ± 2.77
I observe and notice the warning signs concerning radiation while working in the control area6.97 ± 2.73
I know how radiation workers’ health monitoring has been organized6.08 ± 3.13
I am aware of the classification of radiation workers5.47 ± 3.12
I understand the procedures for how radiation exposure in radiation workers is monitored5.66 ± 3.11
I know how to report abnormal events in radiation usage5.22 ± 3.15
I understand the situations in which the “abnormal event notification” must be performed5.22 ± 3.17
I understand the principle of dose limitation in radiation protection5.07 ± 3.15

This HPKRP scale is credited to T. Schroderus-Salo et al., “Development and validation of a psychometric scale for assessing healthcare professionals’ knowledge in radiation protection.”