Diagnostic Accuracy Studies in Radiology: How to Recognize and Address Potential Sources of Bias

Figure 2

Precision and bias. Increasing precision reduces the random error and decreasing bias is equivalent to decreasing systematic error. The higher the precision and the lower the bias, the higher the internal validity of the study. Adapted from ELife, 7, e35718, Brandmaier, A. M. et al., Assessing reliability in neuroimaging research through intraclass effect decomposition (ICED) (2018) (modified) [10].