Review Article

Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde: The Two Faces of the FUS/EWS/TAF15 Protein Family

Table 1

EWS interacting proteins: *not bound by methylated EWS; **not bound by methylated EWS upon RNaseA treatment.

RNase A sensitive

hnRNP A0 [12]Pre-mRNA processing, RNA metabolism, RNA transport
hnRNP A1 [12]Pre-mRNA processing, RNA metabolism, and RNA transport may modulate splice site selection
hnRNP A2B1 [12]Pre-mRNA processing, RNA metabolism, RNA transport
hnRNP A3 [12]Regulation of age-related gene expression, binds to telomeric RNA
hnRNP A/B [12]Binds to multiprotein editosome complex
hnRNP A18* [12]Stabilization of transcripts, genotoxic stress response, translational activator, binds to 3′UTR
hnRNP D0 [12]Regulation of mRNA stability
hnRNP F [12]Binds G-rich sequences
hnRNP G [12]Regulation of splice site selection, DNA double-strand break repair
hnRNP H [12]Pre-mRNA alternative splicing regulation
hnRNP H2 [12]Involved in Fabray disease and X-linked agammaglobulinemia
hnRNP H3 [12]Early heat shock-induced splicing arrest
hnRNP Q [12]RNA stability, translationally coupled mRNA turnover
Small nuclear ribonucleoprotein Sm D3 [12]Pre-mRNA splicing and small nuclear ribonucleoprotein biogenesis, histone 3′-end processing
U1 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein A* [12]First snRNP to interact with pre-mRNA for the subsequent binding of U2 snRNP and the U4/U6/U5 tri-snRNP
Splicing factor, arginine/serine-rich 1* [12, 44]Accuracy of splicing and regulation of alternative splicing
Splicing factor, arginine/serine-rich 3* [12]Putative proliferation-/maturation-associated RNA processing
Splicing factor, arginine/serine-rich 9* [12]Constitutive splicing
RRM containing coactivator activator [12]Activation/modulation of nuclear receptors
Tubulin alpha ubiquitous chain [12]Scaffold for cell shape and organelle movement
Vimentin1Organizer of a number of critical proteins involved in attachment, migration, and cell signaling

RNase insensitive

Protein arginine N methyltransferase 1 [12]Epigenetic regulation, signal transduction, DNA repair
Protein arginine N-methyltransferase 8 [63]Localized at cell membrane
hnRNP M [12]Splicing, selective recycling of immature GlcNAc-bearing, thyroglobulin molecules, potentially involved in signalling
hnRNP U [12, 43]Binds double- and single-stranded RNA and DNA, binds pre-mRNA
FUS** [12]This review
TAF15* [12]This review
EWS* [64]This review
RNA-dependent helicase p68 (DDX5) [12]RNA-dependent ATPase, alteration of RNA secondary structure in splicing and translation initiation
RNA-dependent helicase p72 (DDX17) [12]RNA-dependent ATPase, alteration of RNA secondary structure in splicing, and translation initiation
ATP-dependent RNA helicase A [12]ATP-dependent unwinding of double-stranded RNA and DNA-RNA complexes, transcriptional regulation
ATP-dependent RNA helicase DHX36* [12]Deadenylation and decay of mRNAs with 3′-UTR AU-rich elements
Elongation factor EF1 gamma [12]Translation elongation, role in anchoring the translational complex to other cellular components
Elongation factor EF1 alpha [12]Translation elongation, promotes aminoacyl-tRNA binding to ribosome
Dead box protein 3 X (DDX3X)* [12]ATP-dependent RNA helicase
Tubuline beta-2 chain [12]Scaffold for cell shape and organelle movement

RNA dependence unknown:

RBP3 [29]RNA Polymerase II component
TAF5 [29]General transcription factor TFIID component
TAF7 [29]General transcription factor TFIID component
TAF11 [29]General transcription factor TFIID component
TAF13 [29]General transcription factor TFIID component
Brn-3a [35]Transcription factor
SF1 [47]Splicing factor
YB1 [42]Splicing factor
Survival motor neuron protein* [65]Essential role in spliceosomal snRNP assembly in the cytoplasm and is required for pre-mRNA splicing in the nucleus
Serine threonine kinase receptor (STRAP) [33]Inhibits transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) signaling
BARD1 [53]DNA repair, mRNA maturation
Pyk2 [66]Tyrosine kinase, signal transduction