The Molecular Biology of Soft-Tissue Sarcomas and Current Trends in Therapy

Table 1

HHV-8 Genes and role in Kaposi Sarcoma.

Latent genes	Effects	Other properties
V-cyclin (ORF 72)	Constitutively activates CDK6; Interferes with cyclin-dependent cell cycle arrest; Bypasses inhibitory controllers of cell cycle regulation (p16, p21, and p27)	Phosphorylates pRb; Releases E2F; Activates S-phase genes
v-FLIP (ORF 71)	Competes with proapoptotic signals mediated via FAS-FADD	Oncogenic
LANA (ORF 73)	Blocks tumor suppressor genes p53; Competes with E2F transcription factor for binding to pRb	Controls genes triggering the switch to lytic phase; Oncogenic
Kaposin (K12)	Upregulates PORX1; induces reprogramming of vascular endothelial cells	Oncogenic
K10.1 (LANA-2)	Blocks IFN- and IRF-mediated transcriptional activation; binds p53?
Lytic genes	Effects	Other properties
vIL-6 (ORF K2)	Activates gp130 independently of IL-6R; Activates NF𝜅B; constitutively activates GPCR.; Activates JAK1 and STAT 1/3 pathways; Induces transcription of VEGF and MMP-9	Autocrine and paracrine loops; Oncogenic
vGPCR (ORF 74)	Constitutively activate GPCRs; binds IL-8	Oncogenic; Angiogenic
vMIP-I and vMIP-II (ORF K4)	CCR-3 and 4 agonist; Broad spectrum cytokine receptor antagonist.	Entry coreceptor for HIV-1; Angiogenic
vBcl2 (ORF 16)	Antiapoptotic activity; Inhibits bax	Oncogenic