Schizophrenia Research and Treatment / 2012 / Article / Tab 1 / Review Article
Long-Acting Injectable Antipsychotics for First-Episode Schizophrenia: The Pros and Cons Table 1 Overview of clinical studies on the effectiveness of long-acting injectable antipsychotics for the treatment of first-episode or recent-onset schizophrenia.
Study No.
of patients (female/male) No.
of previous episodes Duration of illness Study duration Design Dosage Reduction of total PANSS (%) Reduction of CGI-S (%) Functional improvement (%) Tolerability Adherence Long-term outcome Parellada et al.
[24 ] 382 (117/265) ns 1.5 (1.1) yr 6 mo Open, 1-arm, mc 25–50 mg 18.3% ns GAF 13.4% ESRS 53.8%↓ PRL-related 0.3% wt gain 4% ns ns Kim et al.
[19 ] RLAI: 22 (14/8) Oral: 28 (17/11) 1 1.5 (1.5) yr 2 yr Open, C 25–50 mg RLAI: 10.0% Oral: 2.0% RLAI: 10.0 Oral: 2.5 GAF RLAI: 26.9% Oral: 0.5% ns RLAI: GA (>70%) 68% Oral: GA 32% 2-yr relapse RLAI: 23% Oral: 75% Emsley et al.
[26 ] 50 (18/32) 1 ≤1 yr 2 yr Open, 1-arm 25–50 mg Remission: 45.0% No remission: 29.7% Remission: 73.1% No remission: 34.4% SOFAS remission: 85.2% No remission: 43.2% ESRS 53.3%↓ in remission; 55.0%↑ in no remission ns 2-yr remission 62% Emsley et al.
[27 ] RLAI: 50 (18/32) Oral: 47 (20/27) ≤2 adm ≤ 1yr 2 yr Post hoc comparison RLAI: Open, 1-arm Oral: R, C (ris versus hal) 25–50 mg RLAI: 44.0% Oral: 28.8% ns ns Total maximum changes of ESRS RLAI: 1.40 (2.60) Oral: ris 5.61 (5.22) hal 9.04 (6.21) ns 2-yr remission RLAI: 64.0% Oral: 40.4% Weiden et al.
[18 ] RLAI: 19 Oral: 11 1 ≤16 wk of lifetime AP exposure 12 wk Open, R, C 25–37.5 mg ns ns ns ns RLAI: 89% Oral: 59% ns Napryeyenko et al.
[28 ] 294 (116/178) 2.4 (0.7) ≤2 yr 26 wk Open, 1-arm, mc 25–50 mg 18.6% 20.5% GAF 16.9% EPS 5.6% PRL-related 4.3% wt gain 3.0% NC, n = 3 1-yr remission 59.5% Dubois et al.
[29 ] 105 (79/26) <4 3.0 (3.92) yr 12 mo Open, 1-arm, mc 25–50 mg ns 43.4% GAF 71.1% EPS 3.8% PRL-related 9.5% wt gain 18.1% >80% 1-yr remission 34.1%
PANSS: Positive and Negative Syndrome scale; CGI-S: Clinical Global Impression-Severity scale; GAF: Global Assessment of Functioning; SOFAS: Social Occupational Functioning Assessment scale; ESRS: Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating scale.
adm: hospital admissions for psychosis; AP: antipsychotics; C: controlled study; EPS: extrapyramidal symptoms; GA: good adherence (>70%) group; hal: haloperidol; mc: multicenter; mo: month; NC: noncompliance; ns: not specified; open: open-label; oral: oral risperidone; PRL: prolactin; pts: patients; R: randomized; ris: risperidone; RLAI: long-acting injectable risperidone; wk: week; wt: weight; yr: year; 1-arm: single arm.