The Impact of Childhood Adversity on the Clinical Features of Schizophrenia
Table 1
Clinical description of the sample by gender.
Variable
Male patients ()
Female patients ()
Total
Age at onset, years
24.9 ± 7.4
26.6 ± 7.9
25.8 ± 7.6
Duration of illness, years
10.8 ± 8.6
8.3 ± 7.2
9.6 ± 7.9
Duration of untreated illness, years
1.4 ± 1.8
1.5 ± 1.5
1.5 ± 1.7
Diagnostic subtype
Paranoid
22
22
44
Undifferentiated
7
5
12
Catatonic
2
2
4
Disorganized
—
2
2
Body mass index, kg/m2
23.2 ± 4.2
25.9 ± 5.4
24.5 ± 4.9
Blood pressure, mmHg
Systolic
118.3 ± 10.3
115.1 ± 12.4
116.7 ± 11.4
Diastolic
80.9 ± 10.2
77.5 ± 10.2
79.2 ± 10.2
Lifetime substance use disorder
Total
10
3
13
Nicotine dependence
10
3
13
Alcohol abuse/dependence
2
0
2
Lifetime suicide attempt
9
8
17
Lifetime violent suicide attempt
5
4
9
CTQ scores
Emotional abuse
7.9 ± 3.9
8.0 ± 3.3
8.0 ± 3.6
Physical abuse
6.4 ± 2.9
5.7 ± 1.9
6.1 ± 2.4
Sexual abuse
5.0 ± 0.2
5.1 ± 0.4
5.0 ± 0.3
Emotional neglect
11.6 ± 3.5
11.5 ± 3.3
11.5 ± 3.4
Physical neglect
9.3 ± 2.7
9.6 ± 3.3
9.5 ± 3.0
Total
40.4 ± 10.4
39.9 ± 10.1
40.1 ± 10.2
PANSS scores
Positive
8.9 ± 2.2
8.9 ± 2.1
8.9 ± 2.2
Negative
15.4 ± 6.4
15.5 ± 6.3
15.5 ± 6.3
General psychopathology
24.5 ± 6.6
26.6 ± 7.5
25.6 ± 7.1
Total
48.8 ± 13.7
51.0 ± 14.4
49.9 ± 14.0
CDSS score, total
1.3 ± 2.3
1.5 ± 2.7
1.4 ± 2.5
FAST score
Autonomy
2.9 ± 2.6
3.8 ± 2.8
3.4 ± 2.7
Occupational activity
7.2 ± 4.8
7.7 ± 4.6
7.4 ± 4.7
Cognitive functioning
4.6 ± 3.0
5.2 ± 3.0
4.9 ± 3.0
Finances
1.8 ± 1.6
1.9 ± 1.8
1.9 ± 1.7
Interpersonal relationships
7.0 ± 4.9
8.6 ± 5.5
7.8 ± 5.2
Leisure
1.9 ± 1.6
2.5 ± 1.7
2.2 ± 1.6
Total
25.4 ± 16.7
29.6 ± 17.4
27.5 ± 17.0
GAF score
61.7 ± 11.5
58.9 ± 11.6
60.2 ± 11.5
PANSS: Positive and Negative Symptom Scale for Schizophrenia; CDSS: Calgary Depression Scale for Schizophrenia; CTQ: Childhood Trauma Questionnaire; FAST: Functional Assessment Short Test; GAF: Global Assessment of Functioning. Difference is significant at .
