Cardiac Differentiation of Pluripotent Stem Cells

Table 1

Summary of prevalent cardiac differentiation methods.

Method description	Differentiation efficiency %	Stem cell type	Reference
Spontaneous embryoid body method	<10%	hESC; hiPSC	Kehat et al. [6]; Zhang et al. [12]
END-2 method; Insulin depletion, PGI2, p38 MAPK inhibition	20%–25%	hESC; hiPSC	Passier et al. [68], Graichen et al. [71]; Freund et al. [70]
Guided differentiation method; Activin A, BMP4	>30%	hESC; hiPSC	Laflamme et al. [27]; Takahashi et al. [17]
Guided differentiation method; Activin A, BMP4, bFGF, VEGF, Dkk-1	40%–50%	hESC	Yang et al. [57]