Review Article
Advances in Cell Transplantation Therapy for Diseased Myocardium
Table 2
Cell types and delivery methods in cardiac functional outcome.
| Cell injection to myocardium | Model | Cell type | ×106 cells | Function | Remarks | |
| Mouse | BMSC | 0.0175–0.1 | ↑ | Regeneration | [1] | Rat | BMSC | 10 | ↑ | Arrhythmogenicity | [24] | Rat | BMSC | 20 | ↑ | | [23] | Rat | CM | 0.2 | ↑ | Regeneration | [6] | Rat | CM | 5 | … | Cell washout | [16] | Rat | Myoblast | 1 | ↑ | Improved exercise capacity | [28] | Rat | Myoblast | 2.3 | ↑ | | [29] | Rat | Myoblast | 10 | ↑ | Arrhythmogenicity | [23] | Rabbit | FB | | | ↑ diastolic, ↓systolic performance | [30] | Rabbit | Myoblast | | ↑ | | [30] | Sheep | Myoblast | … | ↑ | | [31] | Swine | BMSC | 100 | … | Cell washout | [17] | Swine | BMSC | 100 | … | High cell homing | [25] |
| Vascular infusion | Model | Cell type | ×106 cells | Function | Remarks | |
| Mouse | BMSC | 20 | … | Regeneration | [3] | Rat | BMSC | 10 | ↑ | | [24] | Swine | BMSC | 100 | … | Cell washout | [25] |
| Cell sheets | Model | Cell type | Nr of sheets | Function | Remarks | |
| Hamster | Myoblast | 2 layers | ↑ | Higher life expectancy | [32] | Rat | AdMSC | Monolayer | ↑ | Paracrine pathways—angiogenesis | [33] | Rat | AdMSC | Monolayer | ↑ | | [34] | Rat | CM, SC | Monolayer | ↑ | Cell survival, proliferation, differentiation | [35] | Rat | CM, EC | “Monolayer” | ↑ | Higher vessel density | [36] | Rat | CM | 2 monolayers | ↑ | Integration of graft and myocardium | [37] | Rat | CM | Bilayer | | Functional integration | [26] | Rat | CM | 3 monolayers | … | Integration of graft and myocardium | [38] | Rat | CM | 3 monolayers | … | Thick grafts, multiple surgeries | [39] | Rat | FB, EC | 3 monolayers | ↑ | Less fibrosis | [40] | Rat | Myoblast | 1–5 monolayers | ↑ | Dose-response | [41] | Rat | Myoblast | 2 monolayers | ↑ | Less fibrosis, remodeling | [27] | Rat | Myoblast | 2 layers | ↑ | Less fibrosis, higher vessel density | [42] | Rat | Myoblast | 2 × 5 layers | ↑ | Higher vessel density | [43] | Rat | Myoblast | 2 × 5 layers | ↑ | Paracrine pathways— angiogenesis | [44] | Swine | Myoblast | 2–10 layers | ↑ | | [45] |
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AdMSC: adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cell, BMSC: bone marrow stem cell, CM: cardiomyocyte, EC: endothelial cell, FB: fibroblast, SC: stromal cell.
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