Reprogramming with Small Molecules instead of Exogenous Transcription Factors

Figure 3

Human CiPSC perspective regulation pathways. The human CiPSC generation is so complicated that needs a lot of cellular reorganization, signaling pathways changes, and extracellular matrix maintaining conditions to achieve final reprogrammed pluripotent stem cell status. The cells were induced by chemicals through epigenetic modifications that switch on pluripotency transcription factors, such as Oct4, Nang, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc. The cell signaling pathways including TGF beta, WNT, ERK, ROCK, mitochondria, and other signaling pathways might need to be regulated in human CiPSC generation. However, waiting to be discovered mechanisms might also be some other unknown cell signaling pathways as well as nuclear and mitochondria genomic activities.