Nanoparticles-Assisted Stem Cell Therapy for Ischemic Heart Disease

Table 2

Evaluation of NPs labeling agents for stem cells.

NPs labeling modality	Advantages	Disadvantages
MRI modality	High spatial resolution (25–100 μm) [57, 58]; Excellent tissue penetration depth (no limit) [58]; Allowing quantitative measurements	Low sensitivity (mM to μM) [57, 58]; Long scan time (minutes to hours) [59]; High cost
Optical modality	High sensitivity (nM to pM) [58]	High scattering; High absorption in tissue; Short penetration depth (<4 cm from skin surface) [60]