Osteogenesis from Dental Pulp Derived Stem Cells: A Novel Conditioned Medium Including Melatonin within a Mixture of Hyaluronic, Butyric, and Retinoic Acids

Figure 3

Analysis of osteogenic specific proteins. Expression of VEGF A, Runx2, osteocalcin (OCN), and bone sialoprotein (BSP) was assessed in cells cultured for 7, 14, or 21 days in the presence of one of the 3 conditioned media described under Materials and Methods and based on 0,01 M melatonin (medium M) or a mixture of HA 2 mg/mL + BU 5 mM + RA 1 μM (medium H) or on a combination of melatonin together with HA + BU + RA (medium MH) or kept under an undifferentiated state by growing on medium C. Nuclei are labeled with 4,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI, blue). Scale bars: 40 μm. The figures are representative of five separate experiments. For each differentiation marker, fields with the highest yield of positively stained cells are shown.