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Model | Readouts | References |
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Pro-EMT | |
Coculture of MFs and cholangiocytes | Cholangiocytes: ↑ S100A4, ↑ Fibronectin, ↑ N-cadherin, and increased motility | [7] |
Cultured cholangiocytes from α-fetoprotein (Alfp)-Cre × Rosa26-YFP mice treated with TGF, or TNF | ↑ -SMA, loss of cell-cell contacts, cellular reshaping, and E-cadherin delocalization | [8] |
Cultured cholangiocytes from Pkhd1del4/del4 mouse | ↑ motility due to -catenin activation | [9] |
BDL rat | Coexpression of S100A4 and vimentin with K7 | [7] |
BDL rat | DRC (immunohistochemistry): ↑ S100A4, ↑ heat-shock protein 47, ↑ -SMA, ↓ K7, ↓ K19, and ↓ Aquaporin-1 | [10] |
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Against-EMT | |
K19-CreERT × Rosa26-YFP mice, BDL | No coexpression of K19 YFP with -SMA, Desmin, or S100A4 | [11] |
S100A4-CreERT × Rosa26-YFP mice, BDL | No coexpression of S100A4-GFP with Pan-K cells | [11] |
α-fetoprotein (Alfp)-Cre × Rosa26-YFP mice, BDL | No coexpression of YFP with S100A4, vimentin, -SMA, procollagen 12, or desmin | [8] |
α-fetoprotein (Alfp)-Cre × Rosa26-YFP mice, DDC | No coexpression of YFP with S100A4, vimentin, -SMA, procollagen 12, or desmin | [8] |
Human EGI-1-EGFP xenograft in SCID mice | No K19/-SMA coexpression; no expression of Y human chromosome on α-SMA+ cells | [12] |
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