Review Article
Regenerative Therapy of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: From Pancreatic Islet Transplantation to Mesenchymal Stem Cells
Table 1
Factors involved in beta-cell differentiation.
| Compound | Role in beta-cell differentiation |
| High glucose | Increases beta-cell replication | Activin A | Promotes beta-cell regeneration and increases cell mass | N2 and B27 supplements | Act as serum supplements in serum-free medium | FGF2 | Is important in early stage differentiation | EGF | Accelerates beta-cell proliferation and supports final stages of insulin expression | Beta-cellulin | Promotes beta-cell regeneration and increases cell mass | HGF | Induces beta-cell formation, especially in combination with activin A | RA | Induces endocrine and ductal differentiation and induces insulin-positive differentiation | GLP-1 | Accelerates maturation of beta-cells towards glucose responsive insulin secretion | Exendin-4 | Accelerates maturation of beta-cells towards glucose responsive insulin secretion | Pentagastrin | Expands beta-cell mass in combination with other factors |
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