Wharton’s Jelly-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells and Fibroblast-Derived Extracellular Matrix Synergistically Activate Apoptosis in a p21-Dependent Mechanism in WHCO1 and MDA MB 231 Cancer Cells In Vitro

Figure 9

Summary of MSCs- and fd-ECM-mediated inhibition of cancer cell proliferation and G2 phase cell cycle arrest leading to apoptosis. (a) In the short term, the downregulation of tumorigenic pathways such as Akt and Nodal results in an upregulation of p21. p21 inhibits cancer cell proliferation and induces G2 phase cell cycle arrest leading to apoptosis. (b) fd-ECM-mediated inhibition of cancer cell proliferation and G2 phase cell cycle arrest occur via the same mechanism as for MSCs with the exception that there is no p53 and TGF-β upregulation.

(a)

(b)