Endurance Exercise Mobilizes Developmentally Early Stem Cells into Peripheral Blood and Increases Their Number in Bone Marrow: Implications for Tissue Regeneration

Figure 2

Effect of 5 days or 5 weeks of exercise on a treadmill on the number of VSELs in PB and BM. (a) The number of VSELs circulating in PB (left panel) and BM (right panel) after 5 days or 5 weeks of exercise on a treadmill (effort) compared with nonexercising mice (control). (b) Quantitative real-time PCR changes in expression of Oct4, Sox2, and Nanog in PB mononuclear cells after 5 days or 5 weeks of exercise on a treadmill (effort) compared with nonexercising mice (control), whose expression level was defined as 100%. (c) Activation of the complement cascade in PB measured by C5b-C9 (MAC) ELISA after 5-week exercise on a treadmill (effort) compared with nonexercising mice (control) ( mice/group).

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