Pharmacological Therapy in the Heart as an Alternative to Cellular Therapy: A Place for the Brain Natriuretic Peptide?

Figure 2

Current state of stem cell therapy for acute myocardial infarction in clinical trials. The optimal cell population for cardiac regenerative cell therapies requires autologous or allogeneic origin, rapid ex vivo expansion, and cardiac commitment including differentiation to cardiomyocytes. Numerous clinical trials have been undertaken with moderate results (for reviews see [8, 77, 172–174]). ADRC: adipose-derived stem cells; BMC: bone marrow cells; CDC: cardiosphere-derived cells; CM: cardiomyocytes; EPC: endothelial progenitor cells; HSC: hematopoietic stem cells; LVEF: left ventricular ejection fraction; MSC: mesenchymal stem cells; SC: stem cells.