Mesenchymal Stromal Cells from Osteoarthritic Synovium Are a Distinct Population Compared to Their Bone-Marrow Counterparts regarding Surface Marker Distribution and Immunomodulation of Allogeneic CD4+ T-Cell Cultures

Figure 5

Cytokine levels in CD3/CD28- stimulated and control CD4+ T-cells and the respective MSC cocultures. CD3/CD28 stimulation resulted in an increase of IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17a, TNF-α, and IFN-γ secretion. While for IL-2 and TNF-α cocultivation with MSCs resulted in a significant decrease in CD4+ T-cell cytokine secretion, a significant increase in IL-6 secretion in unstimulated and stimulated cocultures could be observed. Due to the high IL-6 levels in the stimulated cocultures, this diagram is displayed with a logarithmic -scale. , , .