Gingival Mesenchymal Stem/Progenitor Cells: A Unique Tissue Engineering Gem

Figure 3

Immunomodulatory “crosstalk” between G-MSCs and mast cells, macrophages (with their M1 and M2 phenotypes), dendritic cells, and T-cells. COX-2: cyclooxygenase-2; PGE₂: prostaglandin E₂; GM-CSF: granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor; INF: interferon; IL: interleukin; TGF: transforming growth factor; IDO: indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase; LPS: lipopolysaccharide.