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Study | Stem cell | Species | Nanoparticle | Labeling dose | Analysis | Main results of analysis |
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Chakraborty et al. 2007 [131] | MSC | Human | QDs | 250 pm–16 nM | Differentiation potential | No adverse effects |
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Shah et al. 2007 [132] | MSC | Human | QDs | 20–50 nM | Cell viability, differentiation potential | No adverse effects |
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Hsieh et al. 2006 [133] | MSC | Human | QDs | 1.625 μg | Cell viability, differentiation potential | Chondrogenic differentiation impairment |
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Hsieh et al. 2006 [134] | MSC | Human | QDs | 1.625 μg | Cell cycle distribution, differentiation potential | Osteogenic differentiation impairment |
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Wang et al. 2015 [136] | MSC | Human | QDs | 0.75–3 μg/mL | Cell viability, immunophenotypic profiles | No adverse effects |
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Shah and Mao 2011 [137] | MSC | Human | QDs | Range of doses | Selective labeling | No adverse effects |
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Chen et al. 2015 [138] | MSC | Human | QDs | 12.5 μg/mL | Cell viability, proliferation, stemness, and differentiation potential | No adverse effects |
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Huang et al. 2005 [157] | MSC | Human | Silica | 20 μg/mL | Cell viability, proliferation, immunophenotypic profiles, differentiation potential, and discrimination live/apoptotic cells | No adverse effects |
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Hunag et al. 2008 [159] | MSC | Human | Silica | 20 μg/mL | Uptake efficiency and mechanism | Serum influences cell uptake efficiency |
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Accomasso et al. 2012 [154] | MSC | Human | Mesoporous silica | Unknown | Cell viability, proliferation, immunophenotypic profiles, differentiation potential, and uptake mechanism | No adverse effects |
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Lesniak et al. 2012 [155] | MSC | Human | Mesoporous silica | 100 μg/mL | Cell viability, differentiation potential | No adverse effects |
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Catalano et al. 2015 [156] | MSC | Human | Mesoporous silica | 40 μg/mL | Cell viability, actin organization, and differentiation potential | No adverse effects, but enhancement of actin polymerization |
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Liu et al. 2008 [161] | MSC | Human | Mesoporous silica core-shell SPIO | 3–10 μg/mL | Uptake efficiency, cell viability, and differentiation potential | No adverse effects |
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Zhang et al. 2013 [162] | Neuronal progenitor line | Mouse | Mesoporous silica core-shell SPIO | 5–33 μg/mL | Uptake efficiency, cell viability, and differentiation potential | No adverse effects |
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Jiang et al. 2010 [172] | MSC | Human | Polystyrene | 7.5 μg/mL | Uptake efficiency and mechanism | Amino groups on NP surface influence uptake mechanism |
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Huang et al. 2015 [178] | MSC | Porcine | Polystyrene | 0.2 mg/mL | Uptake efficiency, cell viability | Little cytotoxicity |
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Bulte et al. 2004 [202] | MSC | Human | SPIO (ferumoxides) | 13–16 pg Fe/cell | Cell viability, differentiation potential | Chondrogenic differentiation impairment |
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Arbab et al. 2005 [203] | MSC | Human | SPIO (ferumoxides) | 25 μg/mL | Lysosomal degradation | Chondrogenic differentiation impairment due to transfection agent, not SPIO |
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Song and Ku 2007 [204] | MSC | Human | SPIO (ferumoxides) | 25 μg/mL | Cell viability, differentiation potential | No adverse effects |
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Au et al. 2009 [205] | ESC | Mouse | SPIO | 50 μg/mL | Differentiation potential and calcium handling | No adverse effects |
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Jing et al. 2008 [200] | MSC | Rabbit | SPIO (ferumoxides) | 25 μg/mL | Cell viability, proliferation, and differentiation potential | No adverse effects |
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Delcroix et al. 2009 [198] | MSC | Rat | SPIO | 25 μg/mL | Cell viability, morphology, and differentiation potential | No adverse effects |
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Ramos-Gómez et al. 2015 [206] | Neuronal line | Human | SPIO (different types) | 50 μg/mL | Cell viability, cell cycle distribution, and differentiation potential | No adverse effects |
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Ricles et al. 2011 [209] | MSC | Human | Gold | 1012 NPs/mL | Uptake efficiency | No adverse effects |
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Nam et al. 2012 [210] | MSC | Human | Gold | 1012 NPs/mL | Uptake efficiency, in vitro cell tracking | No adverse effects |
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Jokerst et al. 2012 [211] | MSC | Human | Silica-coated gold | 0.0–0.14 nM | Cell viability, proliferation, differentiation potential, and secretome | No adverse effects, but IL-6 dysregulation |
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Nam et al. 2015 [212] | Adipose derived | Rat and human | Silica-coated gold | NPs/cell | Cell viability | No adverse effects |
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