The Effects of High Glucose on Adipogenic and Osteogenic Differentiation of Gestational Tissue-Derived MSCs

Figure 3

Effect of high glucose on adipogenic differentiation of BM-MSCs. (a) Representative micrographs show the morphology of adipocyte-like cells (red colored cells) derived from BM-MSCs cultured in adipogenic differentiation medium with or without glucose supplementation for 14 days after staining with oil red O. Scale bar: 50 μm for DMEM, 100 μm for ADIPO, and ADIPO + glucose. (b) Graph shows the number of adipocyte-like cells generated from BM-MSCs cultured in high glucose condition in comparison to their normal glucose controls on culture day 14 (). (c) Graph shows the percentages of adipocyte-like cells in total cell number generated from BM-MSCs cultured in high glucose condition in comparison to their normal glucose controls on culture day 14 (). (d) Graph shows the concentration of oil red O staining of BM-MSCs cultured in high glucose condition in comparison to their normal glucose controls on culture day 14 (). (e) Graph shows relative mRNA levels of adipogenic genes ADIPOQ, GLUT4, LPL, PPARγ, and SREBP1C of BM-MSCs cultured in high glucose condition in comparison to their normal glucose controls on culture day 14 (). Data were presented as mean ± standard error of the mean (SEM). versus ADIPO. corresponds to the number of independent samples used in the experiments. DMEM: BM-MSCs cultured in complete medium which serve as nondifferentiation controls. ADIPO: BM-MSCs cultured in adipogenic differentiation medium without glucose supplementation which serve as normal glucose controls. ADIPO + glucose: BM-MSCs cultured in adipogenic differentiation medium supplemented with 25 mM D-glucose.