The Effects of High Glucose on Adipogenic and Osteogenic Differentiation of Gestational Tissue-Derived MSCs

Figure 4

Effect of high glucose on adipogenic differentiation of gestational tissue-derived MSCs. (a) Representative micrographs show the morphology of adipocyte-like cells (red colored cells) derived from CH-MSCs, PL-MSCs, and UC-MSCs cultured in adipogenic differentiation medium with or without glucose supplementation for 28 days after staining with oil red O. Scale bar: 50 μm for DMEM, 100 μm for ADIPO, and ADIPO + glucose. (b) Graph shows the number of adipocyte-like cells generated from CH-MSCs, PL-MSCs, and UC-MSCs cultured in high glucose condition in comparison to their normal glucose controls on culture day 28 (). (c) Graph shows the percentages of adipocyte-like cells in total cell number generated from CH-MSCs, PL-MSCs, and UC-MSCs cultured in high glucose condition in comparison to their normal glucose controls on culture day 28 (). (d) Graph shows the concentrations of oil red O staining of CH-MSCs, PL-MSCs, and UC-MSCs cultured in high glucose condition in comparison to their normal glucose controls on culture day 28 (). (e) Graph shows relative mRNA levels of adipogenic genes ADIPOQ, GLUT4, LPL, PPARγ, and SREBP1C of CH-MSCs, PL-MSCs, and UC-MSCs cultured in high glucose condition in comparison to their normal glucose controls on culture day 28 (). Data were presented as mean ± standard error of the mean (SEM). versus ADIPO. corresponds to the number of independent samples used in the experiments. DMEM: MSCs cultured in complete medium which serve as nondifferentiation controls. ADIPO: MSCs cultured in adipogenic differentiation medium without glucose supplementation which serve as normal glucose controls. ADIPO + glucose: MSCs cultured in adipogenic differentiation medium supplemented with 25 mM D-glucose.