Stem Cells International / 2017 / Article / Tab 1 / Review Article
Stemness in Cancer: Stem Cells, Cancer Stem Cells, and Their Microenvironment Table 1 Comparison of traits of normal Stem Cells and Cancer Stem Cell biology.
Trait Normal Stem Cells Cancer Stem Cells Self-renewal High capacity [27 , 28 ] High capacity [10 , 64 , 70 , 71 ] Cell cycle duration Long. Tissue-regulated generation of transit amplifying progenitors [28 ] Redundant self-renewal pathways become activated. Pathological self-renewal balance over differentiation [72 ] Genome repair abilities Yes [73 , 74 ] Altered (constant generation of new mutations and epigenetic profiles to generate clones with strong adaption capacity to aggressive environments) [46 , 73 ]. Hypoxia mediated cell cycle lengthening and DNA repair [75 , 76 ]. Shorter cell cycle contribution [12 ] Microenvironmental protection by niche from noxious agents Yes [77 ] Yes [11 , 23 ] Location at hierarchy Basal compartment [27 ] Basal compartment [72 ] Transit amplifying compartment Progenitor cells have short cycles to generate enough numbers of normal differentiated cells [47 , 78 ] It seems to be present as the basis for rapid growth of tumors. Progenitor cells have short cycles [10 ] Plasticity Can go back and forth between differentiation and dedifferentiation states [79 ] Epithelial mesenchymal transition and self-renewal acquisition [10 , 80 , 81 ] Dedifferentiation and mutation accumulation in committed cells [22 ]