Shikonin Induces Glioma Necroptosis, Stemness Decline, and Impedes (Immuno)Proteasome Activity

Figure 4

Shikonin increased MLKL/RIP3 expression levels. RIP1/MLKL/RIP3 expression levels of (a) U251, (c) U87, and (e) T98G cells, which were treated with increasing concentrations of Shikonin (0, 4, 8, and 12 μM) for 24 hr, were detected by western blot analysis. The quantification of RIP1/MLKL/RIP3 protein levels of (b) U251, (d) U87, and (f) T98G cells was performed. (g) Immunohistochemical staining of RIP1/MLKL/RIP3 of Shikonin-treated glioma subcutaneous implantation model. Data are expressed as mean ± SEMs (n = 3 per group). ()() versus untreated cells.

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