Shikonin Induces Glioma Necroptosis, Stemness Decline, and Impedes (Immuno)Proteasome Activity

Figure 5

Shikonin decreased glioma stemness markers and TAM markers. SOX2/CD44/CHI3L1/CD24 protein levels of (a) U251, (c) U87, and (e) T98G cells, which were treated with increasing concentrations of Shikonin (0, 4, 8, and 12 μM) for 24 hr, were detected by western blot analysis. The quantification of SOX2/CD44/CHI3L1/CD24 protein levels of (b) U251, (d) U87, and (f) T98G cells were performed. Immunohistochemical staining of (g) SOX2/CD44/CHI3L1/CD24 and (h) CD68/CD49D of Shikonin-treated glioma subcutaneous implantation model. Data are expressed as mean ± SEMs (n = 3 per group). ()() versus untreated cells.

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