Shikonin Induces Glioma Necroptosis, Stemness Decline, and Impedes (Immuno)Proteasome Activity

Figure 9

Shikonin increased constitutive proteasome subunits of β1, β2, and β5 and decreased the expression levels of immunoproteasome catalytic subunits of β1i, β2i, β5i, PSME1, PSME2, and PSME3. U251, U87, and T98G cells were treated, increasing with concentrations of Shikonin (0, 4, 8, and 12 μM) for 24 hr. The protein levels of β1/β2/β5 of (a) U251, (d) U87, and (g) T98G cells, β1i/β2i/β5i of (b) U251, (e) U87, and (h) T98G cells, and PSME1/PSME2/PSME3 of (c) U251, (f) U87, and (i) T98G cells were detected by western blot analysis and the quantification was also performed. Data are expressed as mean ± SEM (n = 3 per group). ()() versus untreated cells.

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