Research Article
Stimulated Human Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells Enhance the Osteogenesis and Cranial Bone Regeneration through IL-32 Mediated P38 Signaling Pathway
Figure 4
IL-32highHuMSCs could promote the osteogenesis and cranial bone regeneration: (a) lipid droplets by the oil red o staining; (b) mRNA expression of genes on the adipogenic differentiation; (c) protein levels of PPARγ and C/EBPα; (d) alkaline phosphatase staining; (e) alizarin red staining; (f) semiquantitative analysis of mineral compounds; (g) mRNA expression of genes on the osteogenic differentiation; (h) protein levels of RUNX2, ALP, BMP2, and DLX5; (i) surgical procedure to create a skull defect; (j) Micro-CT of three-dimensional reconstruction and areas of new cranial bone regeneration; and (k) expressions of osteogenesis related genes in the new cranial bone. All pooled data were represented as mean ± standard deviation (SD, n = 3/group). , , .
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