B Cells in Autoimmune Diseases

Table 1

Examples for receptor autoantibodies.

Targeted receptor	Mechanism	Associated disease	References
Endothelial receptor type A (ETAR)	Activation	Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH)	[1]
Angiotensin II receptor (AT1R), ETAR	Activation	Systemic sclerosis	[2]
AT1R	Activating	Preeclampsia	[3–5]
𝛼1-adrenergic receptors (α 1-ARs)	Activating	Refractory hypertension	[3, 6, 7]
𝛽1-adrenergic receptor	Activation	Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), Chagas’ disease	[8, 9]
N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR)	Activation	SLE	[10]
Glutamate receptor	Activation	SLE	[11]
Insulin receptor	Inhibition	Autoimmune hypoglycemia	[12]
Muscarinic type 3 receptor	Internalization	Sjögren's syndrome	[13]
NMDAR	Internalization	Anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis	[14]