Chronic Heart Failure: We Are Fighting the Battle, but Are We Winning the War?

Table 3

ACCF/AHA and ESC Guidelines for treating asymptomatic LVSD (recommendation; Level of Evidence).

	ACCF/AHA; Guidelines 2009 [139]	ESC; Guidelines 2005 [48]
ACE inhibitor	(I; A)	(I; A)
Angiotensin receptor blockers	Post-MI and intolerant of ACE I (I; B); No prior MI and intolerant of ACE I (IIa; C)	Post-MI (I; A)
Beta blockers	Recent or remote MI (I; A); No prior MI (I; C)	Post-MI (I; B)
Implantable cardioverter defibrillator	≥40 days post-MI and LVEF ≤30% on optimal medical therapy (IIa; B); Nonischemic cardiomyopathy and LVEF ≤30% on optimal medical therapy (IIb; C)

ACCF/AHA: American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association; ESC: European Society of Cardiology; LVSD: left ventricular systolic dysfunction; ACE inhibitor: angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor; MI: myocardial infarction; LVEF: left ventricular ejection fraction.
Reprinted, with permission, from Atherton, 2012 [140].