|
| Case | Histology | Specimen | Primer | Mycobacteria | Reference |
|
| Lung cavity in a patient with hyperlipidemia and gout | Caseous necrosis, sarcoidal granuloma, positive AFB | Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded | hsp65 gene followed by sequencing | M. avium complex and
M. kansasii | [47] |
|
| Old cavitary tuberculosis (5 patients) and COPD (1) | Caseous necrosis, bronchiectasis (2 of 6 with positive AFB) | Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded | hsp65 gene followed by sequencing | M. avium complex (one case with M. tuberculosis) | [47] |
|
| Masses in 2 HIV positive patients | Spindle cell pseudotumor with abundant AFB staining | Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded | hsp65 gene followed by sequencing or restriction fragment polymorphisms | M. avium-intracellulare | [35] |
|
| Lymphadenitis in children | Caseous granulomas (1 of 2 with positive AFB) | Tissue | 16S rRNA gene and the IS1245 specific sequence for M. avium subsp. hominissuis using quantitative PCR; in one case RFLP was added | M. avium subsp. hominissuis | [50] |
|
|
Lymphadenitis in children | Necrotizing granulomas (3 of 22 positive with AFB) |
Culture |
Probe not specified | M. avium complex
and M. fortuitum | [51] |
|
| Lymphadenitis (4 cases) | Necrosis, lymphohistiocytic cells including epithelioid macrophages and giant cells, neutrophils | Fine needle aspirate (frozen) | JB21 and JB22 | M. bovis | [38] |
|
| Granulomatous prostatitis after biopsy in 12 patients | Suppurative necrotizing granulomas with foamy histocytes and eosinophils, positive AFB in 5 | Culture in 8 patients | Random amplified polymorphic DNA-PCR | M. abscessus |
[49] |
|
| Hemoptysis in a patient with a bronchiectasis due to previous tuberculosis | No tissue available for study but AFBs present in stputum | Culture | rpoB and hsp65 and sequencing
RFLP of rpoB gene | M. abscessus | [52] |
|
| 5 patients with chronic skin lesions in extremities, recurrent, some thought to be sarcoid or swimming pool granulomas | Granulomas, 2 of them with positive AFB | Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded | 16S rRNA gene then sequencing | M. haemophilum | [53] |
|
| Multiple, progressive, painless, erythematous, nodular skin lesions in patient with liver transplant |
Suppurative granulomatous inflammation with numerous AFB |
Tissue | PCR of the hsp65 gene then sequencing of product | M. haemophilum | [54] |
|
| Chronic inflammation of hand skin | Granulomatous inflammation, AFB positive | Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded | 16S rRNA gene then sequencing | M. marinum | [53] |
|
| Multiple, progressive, painless, erythematous, ulcerated, nodular skin lesions in patient with liver transplant and diabetes |
Florid histiocytic infiltrates with scattered multinucleated giant cells surrounded by lymphocytes (negative AFB). |
Culture | PCR of the hsp65 gene then sequencing of product | M. marinum | [54] |
|
| Granuloma in eyelid | Granulomatous inflammation (corpus alienum); AFB not done | Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded | 16S rRNA gene then sequencing | M. gordonae | [53] |
|
| Epithelial cyst | Granulomatous inflammation; AFB not done | Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded | 16S rRNA gene then sequencing | M. malmoense | [53]
|
|
|
Pulmonary nodule with spontaneous pneumothorax |
Granulomas with necrosis in lung tissue and faint staining AFB |
Culture | 16S rRNA PCR and sequencing | M. heckeshornense |
[55] |
|
| Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded |
16S 8–27 F primers and sequencing |
|
| Progressive enlargement of lung nodules in an afebrile patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | Necrotizing granulomatous inflammation, numerous AFB present | Fresh tissue | ITS region of the rRNA gene, then sequencing | M. chimaera | [56] |
|
| Skin papules and nodules in patient with Hodgkin’s lymphoma |
Granulomas with AFB present |
Culture | rpoB and hsp65 and sequencing | Novel mycobacteria,
proposed M. shigaense | [48] |
|
Granulomas in various tissues including respiratory tract, lymph nodes, gastrointestinal and genitourinary tracts, bone, skin
(no separation was given by mycobacteria) | Granulomas with and without caseous necrosis (presence of
AFB in only 4 cases) | Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded | hsp65 gene followed by sequencing or restriction fragment polymorphisms | M. chelonae (13 cases);
M. mucogenicum (8);
M. fortuitum (7);
M. peregrinum (1);
M. gordonae (3);
M. rhodesiae (1) | [35] |
|
| Leprosy | Not described | Tissue sections | Peptide nucleic acid fluorescent in situ hybridization using MLEP primer | M. leprae |
[39] |
|
