Leaf Spectra and Weight of Species in Canopy, Subcanopy, and Understory Layers in a Venezuelan Andean Cloud Forest

Table 4

Significance (𝑃-values in %) of differences among all groups (C-S-U) by Kruskal-Wallis test. and between groups by Wilcoxon test (𝑃-values <5% are highlighted in bold). Groups are canopy (C), sub-canopy (S), and understory (U).

Spectra	Groups compared	PHb	FRb	GRb	MXf	PDf	AIf	PIf	FRf	FIf
	All	28.10	0.32	22.40	15.60	10.20	1.95	7.09	0.41	0.14
𝐴	C-S	100.00	14.50	72.70	48.20	48.20	60.00	60.00	37.30	10.00
	S-U	13.30	13.30	37.60	4.85	19.40	8.48	27.90	19.40	8.48
	C-U	27.70	0.06	11.40	32.10	5.92	0.79	2.74	0.03	0.02
	All	95.48	77.80	24.00	83.70	27.46	7.47	12.60	93.33	73.79
𝑅	C-S	86.36	60.00	60.00	60.00	37.27	20.91	28.18	86.36	100.00
	S-U	92.12	63.03	27.88	77.58	19.39	63.03	37.58	92.12	77.58
	C-U	88.84	88.84	16.72	96.26	37.04	3.60	7.45	81.48	48.07
	All	4.57	7.41	15.77	3.64	2.26	46.02	29.59	18.94	12.74
𝑇	C-S	60.00	20.91	20.91	37.27	6.36	100.00	86.36	72.73	48.18
	S-U	1.21	1.21	8.48	1.21	8.48	27.88	13.33	19.39	4.85
	C-U	9.27	42.34	32.13	9.27	3.60	37.04	32.13	13.88	23.59