Three-Dimensional Kinetic Adaptations of Gait throughout Pregnancy and Postpartum
Table 3
Mean and standard deviation of the joint power peaks, and significance levels of the pairs of collections with significant changes for sagittal, frontal, and transverse planes.
Joint
Plane
Side
Peak
First trimester
Second trimester
Third trimester
Postpartum
Mean
Std. deviation
Mean
Std. deviation
Mean
Std. deviation
Mean
Std. deviation
Ankle
Sagittal
Right
1st
−0.720
0.200
−0.644
0.200
−0.624
0.195
−0.613
0.274
2nd
3.003
0.830
2.884
0.701
2.647
0.674
2.987
0.889
Left
1st
−0.654
0.287
−0.668
0.269
−0.604
0.273
−0.638
0.339
2nd
2.771
0.962
2.846
0.672
2.465
0.726
2.984
0.993
Frontal
Right
1st
−0.081
0.058
−0.119
0.077
−0.074
0.046
−0.090
0.099
2nd
0.347
0.196
0.551
0.314
0.436
0.295
0.446
0.367
Left
1st
−0.062
0.034
−0.075
0.093
−0.089
0.043
−0.078
0.037
2nd
0.314
0.288
0.323
0.245
0.462
0.403
0.586
0.451
Transverse
Right
1st
−0.040
0.040
−0.086
0.176
−0.032
0.053
−0.032
0.021
2nd
−0.119
0.049
−0.146
0.093
−0.114
0.075
−0.134
0.075
Left
1st
−0.048
0.031
−0.050
0.022
−0.040
0.018
−0.049
0.030
2nd
−0.150
0.076
−0.148
0.065
−0.087
0.066
−0.139
0.101
(b) 0.030 (c) 0.025
Knee
Sagittal
Right
1st
−0.525
0.412
−0.521
0.577
−0.546
0.425
−0.701
0.581
2nd
0.345
0.299
0.349
0.322
0.276
0.156
0.490
0.377
(d) 0.006
3rd
−0.673
0.178
−0.782
0.523
−0.566
0.223
−0.829
0.265
Left
1st
−0.481
0.623
−0.476
0.458
−0.587
0.523
−0.621
0.891
2nd
0.457
0.391
0.374
0.270
0.390
0.221
0.592
0.530
3rd
−0.791
0.306
−0.678
0.332
−0.585
0.154
−0.714
0.275
Hip
Sagittal
Right
1st
0.435
0.267
0.400
0.203
0.478
0.272
0.407
0.325
2nd
−0.749
0.322
−0.675
0.267
−0.614
0.239
−0.987
0.474
(f) 0.027
Left
1st
0.339
0.183
0.537
0.267
0.444
0.184
0.402
0.246
2nd
−0.744
0.257
−0.672
0.310
−0.610
0.194
−0.867
0.338
(f) 0.014
Frontal
Right
1st
−0.592
0.211
−0.693
0.310
−0.619
0.255
−0.654
0.272
2nd
0.736
0.319
0.720
0.344
0.570
0.231
0.704
0.261
3rd
0.634
0.153
0.642
0.302
0.721
0.189
0.632
0.259
Left
1st
−0.493
0.256
−0.635
0.372
−0.600
0.236
−0.586
0.274
2nd
0.655
0.219
0.740
0.267
0.596
0.125
0.828
0.347
3rd
0.670
0.284
0.767
0.222
0.648
0.197
0.595
0.189
Transverse
Right
1st
−0.306
0.140
−0.670
0.776
−0.414
0.196
−0.354
0.199
(a) 0.008
2nd
0.061
0.041
0.115
0.117
0.068
0.103
0.067
0.046
Left
1st
−0.330
0.111
−0.555
0.308
−0.394
0.199
−0.453
0.247
2nd
0.062
0.043
0.135
0.178
0.052
0.050
0.090
0.064
(a) Significant differences between 1st and 2nd trimester; (b) significant differences between 1st and 3rd trimesters; (c) significant differences between 2nd and 3rd trimesters; (d) significant differences between 1st trimester and PP; (e) significant differences between 2nd trimester and PP; (f) significant differences between 3rd trimester and PP; ns: nonsignificant. Units are in W⋅Kg−1.